Chemistry
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- Created by: cconroy
- Created on: 21-01-19 16:43
What is an atom?
the smallest particle of a chemical element that can exist.
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What does element mean?
a substance made of one type of atom only.
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What does molecule mean?
a collection of two of more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Compound?
- contains 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.
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What did Mendeleev periodic table take account of?
atomic weight, element properties.
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Meedleevs periodic table had...
gaps and showed elements with similar properties lined up groups.
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Mendeleev also...
predicted properties of elements to fill gaps, reversed the orders of some pairs of elements.
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Modern periodic table...
elements are re-arranged in order of increasing atomic number, periods are horizontal rows, groups are vertical columns, elements in a group have similar properties, the existence of isotopes justifies Mendeleevs pair reversals.
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What does period mean?
a horizontal row in the periodic table.
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What does group mean?
a vertical column in the periodic table containing elements with similar chemical properties.
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What does electronic structure mean?
a notation that shows the number of electrons in each shell.
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What is a proton?
subatomic particle with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1.
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What is a neutron?
uncharged subatomic particle, with a mass of 1 relative to a proton.
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What does electron mean?
subatomic particle, with a negative charge and a negligible mass relative to protons and neutrons.
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What did JJ Thompson discover?
discovered the electron and suggested the plum pudding model of the atom.
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What do electrons orbit?
The nucleus at certain distances.
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What does the nucleus contain?
protons, of relative mass 1 and charge +1 and neutrons of relative mass 1 and charge 0.
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What is the atomic number of an atom?
the number of protons in the atom.
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What do atoms of the same element have?
they have the same atomic number.
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What is the mass number?
total number of protons and neutrons.
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Number of protons =
atomic number.
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Number of electrons =
atomic number.
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number of neutrons =
mass number - atomic number.
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What does mass number mean?
the number of protons and neutrons found in the nucleus found in the nucleus of an atom.
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What is an isotope?
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
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Isotopes of an element have....
the same atomic number and different mass numbers.
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What is relative atomic mass?
the mean relative mass of the atoms of the different isotopes in an element. It is the number of times heavier an atom is then one-twelfth of a carbon-12 atom.
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What is a noble gas?
the elements in group 0 of the periodic table, named fro their lack of chemical reactivity.
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What are group 1 elements called?
alkali metals
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Group 1 elements are...
soft, low densities and have low melting and boiling points.
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What does alkali metals mean?
the first vertical column of elements in the periodic table, starting with lithium and ending with francium. Also called group 1.
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What do group 1 elements react with?
water, to make a metal hydroxide and hydrogen, chlorine to make chlorides and oxygen to make oxides.
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What are group 7 elements called?
halogens.
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Group 7 elements are also...
coloured.
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What does halogen mean?
An element placed in group 7 of the periodic table, which starts with fluorine and ends with astatine.
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Group 7 facts?
they have 7 electrons in their outer shell. In their reactions, they gain one electron to get a stable electron arrangement.
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What is an ion?
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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How do you calculate the atomic mass?
to calculate the atomic mass of a single atom of an element, add up the mass of protons and neutrons.
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An ion has...
unequal numbers of protons and electrons.
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What can an atom acquire?
a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does element mean?
Back
a substance made of one type of atom only.
Card 3
Front
What does molecule mean?
Back
Card 4
Front
Compound?
Back
Card 5
Front
What did Mendeleev periodic table take account of?
Back
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