chemistry

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what is an atom
it is the smallest part of an element that can exsist
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what is an elemnt
a substance made from only one type of atom
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what is a compound
contains two or more element in fixed proportions that are chemically joined
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what is a mixture
these contain 2 or more of a element or compound that are chemically joined
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what is filtration
it is the separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid
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what is crystallization
it is the separation of a soluble solid from a liquid
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what is simple distillation
separation of liquids from a dissolved solid
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what is fractional distillation
separates two or more liquids with different boiling points
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what is chromatography
separates two or more dissolved solids from a solution
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the process of filtration
1. apparatus - filter paper, filter funnel, beaker 2.pour mixture into paper- liquid particles are small enough to pass through the paper solid particles are too big 3.solid left-residue liquid-filtrate
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the process of crystallization
apparatus - basin, Bunsen burner, solution is placed in basin and is heated, the water evaporates the amount of water decreases in the air - sold particles left behind
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the process of simple distillation
bunsen burner heats up the water , then the water evaporates, the vapour rises and condenses, salt left over pure water is made
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the process of fractional distillation
the liquid with a lower boiling point rises up first - the vapour rises through the column vapour condenses pure liquid formed
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the process of chromatography
draw a pencil, put a spot of ink or dye on the pencil line, solvent underneath carries the dissolved solids- less soluble solids travel a shorter distance
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what was the plum pudding model
a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it - made by Thompson 1904
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what is the Rutherford, Gieger and Marsden scattering experiment
aimed a beam of alpha particles at a thin layer of gold foil- if the plum pudding model was correct the alpha particles would all scatter- however most when through but only a few were scattered shows that most of atom is empty space concentrated cen
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what did bohr say
electrons rotated in fixed energy levels around the nucleus at fixed distances protons positive charge-same as electrons
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what did Chadwick say
he said the there was another particle
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what is the atomic number and the mass number
the number of protons- the number of protons and neutrons
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what is an isotope
an isotope is an atom of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass number
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what is the equation for relative atomic mass
mass of an isotope x abundance/ 100
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electronic structure
1st shell - 2 electrons 2nd shell- 8 electrons 3rd shell - 8 electrons
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how did the periodic table develop
early scientist tried to group elements in triads- newlons developed the law of octaves -Mendeleev said lots of undiscovered elements and left space for them possible to predict reactions- they depend number of electrons
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the properties of noble gases
they have a full outer shell- stable - unreactive, the don't form molecules- colourless- low melting point density increases as you go down group
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the properties of group 1 metals
one electron in their outer shell - the need to lose 1 electron to gain full outer shell positive ions- low density - soft react quickly with o2- very reactive- increases as you go down
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the properties of group 7 halogens
7 electrons ion their outer shell- less reactive as you go down- gain 1 electron to gain full outer shell so negative ions
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properties of transition metals
higher melting point than group 1 - strong harder - ions vary in charges - form colourless compounds - useful as catalysts
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what is the meant bu ionic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged electrons
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what is meant covalent bonding
the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and a positive nuclei
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what is metallic bonding
the electrostatic attraction between a lattice and a sea of delocalised electrons - the can conduct heat -high melting point - malleable - ductile
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what is an alloy
it is a mixture of metals - pure metals are too soft - so alloys make them harder as they disrupt the regular structure
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patricle sin solids- liquids - gases
solid - fixed volume and shape , packed tightly- only vibrate liquid- fixed volume, can flow and move - particles are close but can move gas-particles spread far apart, random motion- be compressed
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properties in ionic compound
giant structure, very strong bonds , high melting point and boiling point, dissolves in water conduct electricity when molten
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properties in metallic compound
giant strong metallic bonds, high melting and boiling point
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properties in a covalent compound
strong covalent bond weak intermolecular forces , very low melting and boiling points do not conduct electricity- giant covalent structure - very high melting and boiling point
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properties of diamond
strong covalent bond - hard - high boiling point does not conduct electricity
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properties of graphite
arranged in layers - delocalised electrons - strong covalent bonds - weak intermolecular forces - high melting point - soft layers - slide over each other
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properties of fullerenes
variety of shapes - form hollow structures - high surface area- very strong - used for drug delivery - lubricants and catalysts
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properties of graphene
1 layer thick - 2d structure low density - hexicle strong
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properties of nano particle
high surface area to volume ratio - smaller pieces larger surface area used in - electronics
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what is crude oil
mixture of hydrocarbons made up of only hydrogen and carbon
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what are alkanes
a hydrocarbon with only a single carbon - carbon bond - saturated
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what is the general formula for alkanes
Cn H (2n+2) - 4 alkanes - methane,ethane,propane, butane
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is an elemnt

Back

a substance made from only one type of atom

Card 3

Front

what is a compound

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a mixture

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is filtration

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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