Chemistry

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What compacts together to form crude oil?
The tiny remains of animals and plants, where there is a lot of pressure and lack of oxygen.
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What is a hydrocarbon?
a compound made up only of hydrogen and carbon atoms
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What are hydrocarbons in crude oil?
Alkanes
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How are alkanes named?
By how many carbon atoms they have
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How many carbon atoms does methane have?
1
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How many carbon atoms does ethane have?
2
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How many carbon atoms does propane have?
3
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How many carbon atoms does butane have?
4
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How many carbon atoms does pentane have?
5
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How many carbon atoms does hexane have?
6
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How many carbon atoms does heptane have?
7
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How many carbon atoms does octane have?
8
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How many carbon atoms does nonane have?
9
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How many carbon atoms does decane have?
10
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What is combustion?
Another name for burning
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What is fractional distillation?
removing a small section from the whole by a process of distillation
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What is complete combustion?
where there is enough oxygen to full combust
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What does incomplete combustion produce?
Carbon Dioxide, CO2
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What is 'cracking'?
A process in which long chain hydrocarbons can be broken down to produce smaller and more useful molecules
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Why do we need to split hydrocarbons?
In crude oil we get lots of useless hydrocarbons and we want to break them to make useful ones
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When do you know a reaction has happened?
When the reactants disappear or products appear
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Mean rate of reaction (equation)=
amount of product made (or reactant used)/time
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What things affect the rate of reaction?
Temperature, Surface area (of solids), concentration (of liquids and gases), pressure (of gases) and the presence of a catalyst.
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What is collision theory?
reacting substances have to collide with enough energy for a reaction to occur
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What is activation energy?
the amount of energy needed to make a reaction happen
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What is a variable?
Something that changes
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What is the independent variable?
the variable that you alter in an experiment
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What is the dependent variable?
the variable that you measure, gain results from
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What is the control variable?
the variable you keep the same, so it doesn't affect the equipment
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What does valid mean?
using the correct equipment and method so that results can be compared
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Why would a higher temperature make a reaction go faster, using collision theory
At higher temperature particles move faster, they are more likely to collide, they collide with more energy, therefore there is a higher rate of successful collisions, which speeds up the rate of reaction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a hydrocarbon?

Back

a compound made up only of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Card 3

Front

What are hydrocarbons in crude oil?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How are alkanes named?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many carbon atoms does methane have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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