Chemistry
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- Created by: 13mfillinger
- Created on: 13-12-16 18:10
What does the nucleus contain?
Protons and neutrons
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What charge does the nucleus have and why?
A positive charge due to the protons
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What mass do protons and neutrons have?
1
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What is the mass of an electron called?
Negligible
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Charge of a proton?
Positive/ +1
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Charge of a Neutron?
no charge/0
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Charge of a electron
-1
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What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons.
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Which number is the atomic number?
The number at the bottom
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Which number is the atomic number>
the number at the top
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What does the atomic number tell you?
How many protons there are
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What does the mass number tell you?
The total number of protons and neutrons
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How do you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?
Subtract the atomic number from the mass number
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What is an element?
An element is a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.
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What are isotopes?
Isotopes are different forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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How do you work out the relative mass formula?
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) divided by the sum of abundances x all the isotopes
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When do componds form?
Componds form when elements react and atoms combine with other atoms.
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What are compounds?
Compounds are substances formed from 2 or more elements, the atoms of each are in fixed proportion throughout the compound and they're held together tightly by chemical bonds.
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What is made during a chemical reaction?
At least 1 new substance
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What does making bonds involve?
Making bonds involves atoms giving giving away, taking or sharing electrons.
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A compound which is formed from a metal and a non-metal consists of...
Ions
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A compond formed from non-metals consists of...
Molecules
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What is CO2?
Carbon Dioxide
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What is NH3?
Ammonia
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What is H20?
Water
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What is NaCL?
Sodium Chloride
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What is CO?
Carbon monoxide
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What is HCL?
Hydrochloric acid
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What is CaCl2?
Calcium Carbonate
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What is Na2Co3
Sodium Carbonate
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What is H2SO4?
Sulfuric acid
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How is a mixture different to a compound?
There are no chemical bonds between the different parts of a mixture
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What is air a mixture of?
Air is a mixture of gases. mainly nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon
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What is crude oil a mixture of?
Crude oil is a mixture of different length hydrocarbons.
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What are the different types of seperating mixtures?
Filtration, crystallisation
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What does insoluble mean?
Insoluble means the solid can't be dissolved in liquid.
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What does soluble mean?
soluble means the solid can be dissolved in liquid.
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What are the 2 ways of seperating soluble solids from solutions?
Evaporation and crystallisation
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How to seperate soluble solids by evaporation?
1)Pour the solution into an evaportauing dish, 2)Slowly heat the solution, the solvent will evaporate and the solution will slowly get more concentrated. Eventually crystals will start to form. 3)Keep heating until you're left with dry crystals.
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How to seperate soluble solids by crystallisation?
1)Pour solution into evaporating dish gently heat solution.2)When some solvent evaporates remove dish from heat and leave to cool.3)Salt should start to form crystals.4)Filter
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What else can filtration and Crystallisation be used for seperating?
Rock salt
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What is Rock salt?
Rock salt is a mixture of salt and sand.
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Salt and sand are both...
Compounds
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What is distillation used for?
Distillation is used to seperate mixtures which contain liquids.
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What are the 2 types of distillation?
Fractional and simple
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Simple distillation is used to...
Seperate out solutions
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Fractional distillation is used to seperate...
A mixture of liquids
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At the start of the 19th Century John Dalton decribed atoms as..
Solid spheres
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In 1897 J J Thomson concluded from his experiments that atoms weren't...
Solid spheres, his meausrements of charge & mass showed that an atom must contain even smaller negatively charged particles.
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what was the new theory know as?
The plum pudding model
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Who showed the plum pudding was wrong?
Ernest Rutherford
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What year did Rutherford prove the plum pudding wrong?
1909
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What did Rutherford explain his theory with?
The nuclear model of the atom.
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What was in the nuclear model Rutherford came up with?
A tiny positevly charged nucleus at the centre where most of the mass is concerntrated. A cloud of electrons circled surrounded the protons.
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Why was Rutherfords plum pudding model wrong?
Scientists realised electrons in a 'cloud' would be attracted to the nucleus, causing the atoms to collapse.
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How many electrons are allowed to be in the first shell?
2
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How many electrons are allowed in the second shell?
8
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How many electrons are allowed in the third shell?
8
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Which group in the periodic table has a full outer shell?
Group 1
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What is group 1 called?
Noble gases
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What were the 2 ways in which elements were arranged in the early 1800's?
Their relative atomic mass, and their physical and chemical properties.
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What is the relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass is the average mass of one atom in an element
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How are elements layed out in the periodic table now?
The elements are laid out in order of increasing atomic number.
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In group 1 the element react...
More vigorously (forcefully)
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Most elements are...
Metals
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Where are non-metals placed on the periodic table?
To the far right at the top
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What do atoms do to gain a full outer shell?
Lose/gain/share electrons
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All metals have ....... bonding
Metallic
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Metals physical properties?
They're strong but can be bent or hammered into different shapes.
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What are metals great at conducting?
Heat and electricity
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What are metals boiling/melting points like?
They have high boiling and melting points
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What charge does the nucleus have and why?
Back
A positive charge due to the protons
Card 3
Front
What mass do protons and neutrons have?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the mass of an electron called?
Back
Card 5
Front
Charge of a proton?
Back
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