Chemistry 1A

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  • Created by: JennD
  • Created on: 12-10-16 18:50
Why is metal extraction bad?
Releases fossil fuels (causes global dimming, acid rain and global warming), there are not loads of metal ores around the world, quarrying them ruins the landscape and it destroys habitats
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What is the phytominging process?
Plants grow in soil that contains metalic substances. Plants can not get rid of this so it builds up. If you harvest the plants, dry them and burn them the metal can be collected from the ash
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What is the bioleaching process?
Where you use bacteria to seperate copper sulfide. The bacteria gets energy seperating the bond leaving the leachate which can extract the metal through filtration
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What is global warming?
It is though when fossil fuels are burnt they releases tiny particles into the atmosphere reflecting the light back into space
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What are the pros and cons as ethonal as a fuel?
Pros- Carbon dioxide is not released and the only waste prodcut is water. Cons- cars need to be converted to work on this, it is not widely available and it may stop farmers growing food
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What are the pros and cons of biodeisel as a fuel?
pros- 'carbon neutral', engines do not need to be convertedand less sulfur dioxide is produced. Cons- you can not make enough to replace diesel, it is expensive to make and it could increases food prices
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The pros and cons of hydrogen gas as a fuel?
Pros- waste product is water. Cons- hydrogen is not widely avaiable, it needs another enery source to make it move a car and it is hard to store
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Name 3 building materials Limestone is used to make?
Cement, Concrete and Mortar
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What are alloys?
When you add different sized atoms to a pure atom structure so it is harder for the atoms to slide over each other
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What does a mixture mean?
When 2 or more elements or compounds are not chemically bonded together
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State Crude Oil's fractional distillation process
Heat the crude oil at the bottom of the tower. It then vapourises, travelling up the tube where it cools and condenses into real products again at it's fractions
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What is crude oil a mixture of?
Hydrocarbons
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Calcium Oxide+Water
Calcium hydroxide
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Explain the test for carbon dioxide
Blow through limewater. If it turns milky in colour then Carbon Dioxide is present
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What is a mass number?
The mass of the atom
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What is the atomic number?
The number of protons/electrons in the atom
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How do you work out the number of electrons using the atomic number and mass number?
Mass number- atomic number= number of neutrons
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Why are elements is group 0 so unreactive?
They have a full outer shell so are stable
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What is the nucleus of an atom made of and what charge does it have?
It is made of protons and neutorns. It is positivley charged
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What is calicum hydroxide also reffered to as?
Limewater
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Calium Carbonate (thermal decompostion)
Calcium oxide+carbon dioxide
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What is the covalent bonding process?
It occurs between 2 non-metals. It is where they share electrons from their puter shells, to fill each others outer shells
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What is the ionic bonding process?
It occurs between metals and non-metals. It is where the metal loses electrons to form positive ions and the non-metal gains electrons to form negative ions. The 2 oppostite forces then are attracted to each other
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What is the deffintion of an ore?
A rock that contains metal
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What metals are extracted using electrolyisis? Why?
Metals above Carbon in the reactivty series because carbon is less reactive then them so it can not displace them
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How have economies of extraction changed?
If the market price drops it may not be worth selling, if the market price increases it may be worth extracting. Lastly, technology is making it easier to extract metals
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State the advanatages of quarrying limestone
It creates jobs, imporoves the ecomony, which leads to better transport and healthcare. It saves habitats by neutralising acidic soil and lastly, it brings money in for the local community
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State the disadvantages of quarrying limestone
Creates noise and dust pollution. Fossil fuels need to be used to transport the limestone. It ruins the landscape and habitats
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Calcium hydroxide+carbon dioxide
Calcium Carbonate+water
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Calcium carbonate+sulfuric acid
Calcium sulphate+ carbon dioxide+water
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Why is copper extracted using electrolysis?
When extracted wuth carbon it is impure and as it is used for cabling it makes sense to extract it using electrolysis
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What the process of electrolysis?
The electrolyte (solution) has free to move electrons. Copper pulls of the ions at the anode and as they are positive they are attracted to the negative cathode meaning pure copper forms at the cathode and impurities are dropped at the annode
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What is the deffintion of a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive particle reacts with a less reactive metal removing the less reactive metal from it's compound
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What affect does carbon dioxide have on the envrionment?
It increases the earths temeprature increasing global warming. This is a type of climate change that could cause serve flooding due to polar ice caps metling
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How is less sulfur being released into the atmosphere?
Factories remove it before it eneters the atomsphere, petrol and diesel are of a lower sulfur concerntration and power stations remove the poisonous gas
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What happens when you burn sulfur fuel?
Sulfur dioxide is released into the atmosphere and it mixes with the clouds forming acid rain
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Incomplete combustion formula
Hydrogen+oxygen--carbon monoxide+water
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Complete combustion formual
Hydrgoen+oxygen--Carbon dioxide+water
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What are the problems with crude oil?
When burnt it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, it is non-renewable, it is difficult and expensive to extract and causes big problems when it spills into the sea poisoning birds and fish
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Why is crude oil important for life?
Transport relies on it. It is used in centeral heating systems to generate electricity, it is used to make plastics, it is more reliable the solar energy and wind power
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How does volatilty help decide what a product is used for?
It needs to have a low boiling point to be used as a fuel. It needs to be easy to store. It needs to be a short molecule so it can be ignited easily and can flow through the engine easily. If it is used for lubricating it needs to be gloopy
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What is special about short chain hydrocarbon molecules?
They are more volatile and less viscous. They are more flameable and they cool and condense quicker as it has a lower boiling point
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What metals are extracted with carbon? Why?
Zinc, iron, tin and copper beacuse carbon can only take oxygen away from less reactive particles
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Why can't school bunsen burners thermally decompose group 1 metals?
They can not reach a hgh enough temperature
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What does saturated mean?
When atoms form bonds with as many other atoms as the can. Carbon has 4 bonds and hydrogen has 1
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What is the Alkane formual?
CnH2n+2
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the phytominging process?

Back

Plants grow in soil that contains metalic substances. Plants can not get rid of this so it builds up. If you harvest the plants, dry them and burn them the metal can be collected from the ash

Card 3

Front

What is the bioleaching process?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is global warming?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the pros and cons as ethonal as a fuel?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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