Chemistry 1

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What is an element?
It is made of just one sort of atom.
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What is an atom.
The smallest part of an element that can exist.
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What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?
Groups.
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What is a compound?
Made up of two or more elements.
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What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?
Periods.
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What is an ionic bond?
The forces of attraction between positive and negative ions.
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What are covalent bonds?
When atoms share electrons between them.
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Describe features of a chemical reaction?
1.Most are irreversible. 2.The products are rearranged.
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Describe 3 properties of limestone?
1. It is a raw material. 2. It is attractive. 3. It is durable. 4. It is strong.
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What are the benefits of quarrying?
1. Provides jobs. 2. Produces materials worth several billion pounds.
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What are the problems with quarrying?
1. May damage the tourist industry. 2. Transporting rock creates traffic. 3. It takes up land space.
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What is thermal decomposition?
Breaking thinks down using heat. E.g. Heating calcium carbonate to make calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
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What could the products from the lime cycle(calcium carbonate and calcium hydroxide) be used for?
1. Neutralising excess acidity in lakes and soils. 2. Neutralising acidic waste gases produced by burning coal in power stations.
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What are the raw materials for making cement?
1. Crushed limestone rock. 2. Powdered clay. 3. Calcium sulfate powder.
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What are 3 typical properties of transition metals?
1. Shiny surface when freshly cut. 2. Can be bent into different shapes. 3. Are good conductors of heat and electricity.
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What is an alloy?
A mixture of a metal with one or more other element.
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What is in crude oil?
Many different hydro-carbons.
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What does non-biodegradable mean?
They can't be decomposed by bacterial action.
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What are the properties of HDPE(high density poly ethene)?
1. Have few side branches. 2. Molecules line up in pattern. 3. High density. 4. Held together strongly. 5. High melting point.
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What are the properties of LDPE(low density poly ethene)?
1. Have side branches that prevent molecules lining up in a regular pattern. 2. Have a low density.
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What are monomers?
Materials that have very small molecules.
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What are polymers?
Materials that have very big molecules.
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What does cracking involve?
Heating an oil fraction to a high temperature. The hydrocarbons vaporise then pass over a hot catalyst. Aliases in the vapour break down to form smaller molecules.
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What is cracking?
Used to break down bigger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules.
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Why do plant oils make good fuels?
Because they transfer large amounts of energy when they burn.
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How does greenhouse gases keep the earth warm?
1. Radiation from the sun enters the earth. 2. The radiations warms the earths surface. 3. The earths surface radiates heat energy- some goes directly into space.
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What are particulates?
When diesel is burned particulates are produced.
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What is an environmental impact of particulates?
They may cause global dimming.
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What are the gases that cause acid rain?
1. Sulfur dioxide. 2. Nitrogen dioxide.
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What are Alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons. This means their carbon atoms are joined together by single covalent bonds.
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How is crude oil separated into fractions by fractional distillation?
Heat up crude oil to about 450 degrees. It evaporates to become a gas. The gas enters the bottom of the fraction img column. The column has a temperature gradient. The gases go up through the cooler and some condense to form different fractions.
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What is fractional distillation?
When you use the property of boiling to separate crude oil into useful fractions.
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What is a fraction?
A mixture of hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms and similar boiling points.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an atom.

Back

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

Card 3

Front

What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a compound?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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