Chemistery Definitions
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- Created by: EwanMcElhinney
- Created on: 11-04-17 14:35
Collision Theory
In order for particals to react they must colide with enought energy
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Activation energy
The minimum energy that the colliding particals need in order to react
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Rate Equation
1/time
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Catalyst
A substance which speeds up the rate of a reaction but does not take part in the reaction itself
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Hard Water
Water which does not readily lather with soap
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Soft Water
Water that lathers well with soap
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Temporary Hard Water
Water where the hardness can be removed by boiling
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Permanent Hard Water
Water where the hardness cannot be removed by boiling
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Precipitation Reaction
When 2 ions in solution react to form an insoluble solid
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Fossil Fuel
A substance which has formed over millions of years by the compression of dead animals and plants which releases energy when burnt with oxygen
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Combustion
The reaction of fuels with oxygen, forming oxides and releasing energy
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Complete Combustion
The reaction of fuels with oxygen, forming oxides and releasing a plentyful supply of oxygen
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Equation For Complete Combustion
Fuel + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
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Incomplete Combustion
The reaction of fuels with oxygen, forming oxides and releasing energy in a limited supply of oxygen
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Equation For Incomplete Combustion
Fuel + Oxygen = Carbon Monoxide + Water
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Non Renewable
Will run out and cannot be replaced in a human lifetime
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Renewable
Can be replaced in a human lifetime
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Crude Oil
a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that includes dissolved gasses and solids.
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Fractional Distillation
The sepasration of a liquid mixture into its different components by boiling and condesing at the different boiling points
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Hydrocarbon
A molecule that contains hydrogen and carbon only
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Exothermic
A reaction that gives out heat (energy)
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Homologus Series
a series of molecules with the same general formula, similar chemical properties and a gradation in physical properties which differ by a CH2 unit
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Functional group
Is the reactive part of a molecule that cause many of the reactions in the homologus series
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Saturated
contains no double bonds
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UnSaturated
contains double bonds
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Addition Polymerisation
When single moleclues called monomers add together to form a long chain called a polymer eg ethene to polythene
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Biodegradable
Microbes can break it down easily and it decomposes naturally
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Non-Biodegradeable
does not get broken down by microbes and does not decompose
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RAM - Relative Atomic Mass
The mass of an atom compared to 1 twelfth the mass of carbon-12 isotope which is exacally 12
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RFM - Relative Formula Mass
The sum of the masses of all the atoms present in a molecule or compound
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Mole
The RFM expressed in grams
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Moles Of Atoms
Mass in grams/RAM
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Moles Of Molecules Or Compounds
Mass in grams/RFM
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Displacement Reaction
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from a solution of its salt
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Native
Found uncombined in nature
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Oxidation
When a substance gains oxygen, looses hydrogen or looses electrons
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Reduction
When a substance looses oxygen, gains hydrogen or gains electrons
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Redox
When oxidation and reduction happen in the same reaction (occurs in blast furnace)
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Reducing agent
adds hydrogen, removes oxygen or supplies electrons to another reactant
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Oxidising agent
Removes hydrogen, adds pxygen or removes electrons from another reactant
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Rust
Hydrated iron (iii) oxide
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Sacrificial Protection
When a more reactice metal is used to protect a less reactive metal from rusting
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The Atmosphere
the name given to the collection of gases surrounding Earth
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Endothermic
A reaction that takes in heat
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Thermal Decomposition
The breaking down of a compund using heat
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Hydration
When a compund reacts with water to produce a hydrated substance
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The minimum energy that the colliding particals need in order to react
Back
Activation energy
Card 3
Front
1/time
Back
Card 4
Front
A substance which speeds up the rate of a reaction but does not take part in the reaction itself
Back
Card 5
Front
Water which does not readily lather with soap
Back
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