Chemicals in our lives

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  • Created by: Emma
  • Created on: 19-12-12 15:06
tectonic plates
Giant slabs of rock (about 12 making up the earths crust and upper mantle) that make up the earths outer layer.
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Magnetism
The property of being magnetic. 1.A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.
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Sedimentary Rocks
Rocks formed from layers of sediment.
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Grains
a relatively small particle of a substance eg. grain of sand
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Fossils
The stony remains of an animal or plant that lived millions of years ago or and imprint it has made eg. footprint in a surface
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Erosion
The movement of solids at an earths surafce for example soil mud and rock. caused by wind ice water and gravity and living organisms.
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Evaporation
The change of state from liquid to gas
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preserve
The act of keeping something so it can be used for a long time
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dissolve
some chemicals dissolve in liquids (solvents). salt and sugar for example dissolve in water
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solution
formed when a solid, liquid or gas dissolves in solvents.
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Brine
A solution of sodium chloride/salt in water. Brine is produced by solution mining of underground salt deposits.
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Crystallise
To form crystals, for example, by evaporating the water from a solution of salt
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Filter
To sperate a solid from a liquid by passing it through filter paper.
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Centrifuge
A piece of equipemnt used to seperate a mixture of liquids and solids by spinning the mixture very fast.
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Subsidence
The sinking of ground`s surface when it collapses into a hole beneath.
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Flavouring
A mixture of chemicals that give food sweets toothpaste and other products their flavour
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Theory
A scientific explanation that is generally accepted by the scientific community
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Alkali
A compound that dissolves in water to give a solution with a pH higher than 7
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Neutralise
A reaction between an acid and alkali which forms salt.
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Salt
an ionic compound formed when an acid neutralises an alkali.
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Word Equation
A summary in words of a chemical reaction
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Hydrogen chloride Gas
An acid gas that is toxic and corrosive, and is produced during the Leblanc process
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Hydrogen sulphide gas
A poisonous gas that smells like rotten eggs
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Chlorine
A greenish toxic gas, used to bleach paper and textiles, and to treat water
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Bleach
A Chemical that can destroy unwanted colours. Bleach also kills bacteria. a common bleach is a solution of chlorine in sodium hydroxide
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Leblanc Process
A process that used chalk (calcium carbonate), salt (sodium chloride) and coal to make the alkali sodium carbonate. the Leblanc process was highly polluting.
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Alkali Acts
The acts of parliament passed in the UK in order to control levels of pollution. They led to the formation of an alkali inspectorate which checked that at least 95%of acid fumes were removed from the chimneys of chemical factories.
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Microorganisms
A living organism that can only be seen through a microscope. These include bacteria, viruses and fungi.
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Chlorination
The process of adding chlorine to water to kill micro-organisms, so that it is safe to drink.
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Organic matter
Matter that has come from dead plants and/or animals.
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Electrolysis
Splitting up a chemical into its elements by passing an electric currant through it.
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Toxic
A chemical that may lead to serious health risks, or even death, if breathed in, swallowed, or taken in through the skin.
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Accumulate
To collect together and increase in quantity
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Synthetic
A Material made by chemical chemical process, not naturally forming.
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Persistant Organic Pollutants
A POP is an organic compound that does not break down in the environment for a very long time. POP's can spread widely around the world and build up in the fatty tissue of humans and animals. they can be harmful to people and the environment.
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Extruded
A Plastic is shaped by being forced through a mould
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Incinerator
A factory for burning rubbish and generating electricity
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Landfill
Disposing of rubbish into holes in the ground
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Plasticiser
A chemical (usually a small molecule) added to a polymer to male it more flexible
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Leach
The movement of the plasticisers in a polymer into water,or another liquid, that is flowing past the polymer or is contained by it.
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Phthalates
A chemical that is used as a plasticiser, added to polymers to make them more flexible.
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Life Cycle assessment
A way of analysing the production,use, and disposal of a material or product to add up the total energy and water us and the effects on the environment.
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Biodegradable
Materials that are broken down in the environment by micro-organisms. Most synthetic polymers are not biodegradable.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The property of being magnetic. 1.A physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charge, resulting in attractive and repulsive forces between objects.

Back

Magnetism

Card 3

Front

Rocks formed from layers of sediment.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a relatively small particle of a substance eg. grain of sand

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The stony remains of an animal or plant that lived millions of years ago or and imprint it has made eg. footprint in a surface

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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