Used to separate insoluble solids from liquids(ie.sand from salty water).
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Evapouration
Seperates soluble solids from liquids and just leaves the solid(ie.salty water)
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Distillation
Separate either liquids with 2 different boiling points or a liquid and a soluble solid(ie.ink and water)
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Chromatography
Separates inks.
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Melting and boiling points
Impurities make the melting point of substances decrease and the boiling point increase.
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Formulations
Formulations are mixtures which have been designed to make useful products.(eg. fertilizers, medicinal drugs, toothpaste, bathbombs).
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Medicine (tablets)- formulation example
Binder(which sticks the ingredients together), disintegrant (helps the tablet break apart), coating (helps thetablet stay together), water/oil (used to mix ingredients/ as a lubricant during production).
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Paper chromatography
All the colours start combind but some will travel up the paper quicker then others. Theses end up higher on the chromograph..
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Rf Values
Mesure the distance travelled by the test substance/the distance meaused by the solvent(will be higher).Rf values have no units.
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Chlorine
Place damp blue litmus paper in uknown gas, if its chlorine the litmus paper would go red then white.
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Hydrogen
Place lit splint in unknown gas, if its hydrogen it will produce a squeaky pop.
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Carbon Dioxide
Put unknown gas in lime water, if it is carbon dioxide the lime water will go cloudy.
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Oxygen
Place a glowing splint into a test tube filled with unknown gas if the splint relights itis oxygen.
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