chemical analysis

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what is a formulation?
a mixture that has been designed to produce a useful product
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what are some examples of formulations?
paints, washing-up liquid, cosmetics, fuels, alloys, medicines, etc...
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what does a positive test for hydrogen look like?
hydrogen will cuase a lighted to splint to make a squeaky pop
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give an example of a reaction that makes hydrogen
salt reactions (reactive metal and acid)
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what does a positive test for oxygen look like?
oxygen will cuase a glowing splint to relight
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give an example of a reaction of a reaction that makes oxygen
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with catalyst manganese oxide (2H202 ->2H2O+02)
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what will a positive test for carbon dioxide look like?
carbon dioxide will turn limewater cloudy
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give an example of a reaction that produces carbon dioxide
salt reaction (carbonate and acid)
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what will a positive test for chlorine look like?
chlorine will bleach blue litmus paper white
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give an example of a reaction that will make chlorine
electrolysis of a molten or aqueous ionic compound with chlorine
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what colour will lithium ions turn a flame?
crimson
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what colour will sodium ions turn a flame?
yellow
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what colour will potassium ions turn a flame?
lilac
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what colour will copper ions turn a flame?
green
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what colour will calcium ions turn a flame?
brick-red
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what precipitate will aluminium ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
white soluble precipitate
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what precipitate will calcium ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
white insoluble precipitate
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what precipitate will magnesium ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
white insoluble precipitate
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what precipitate will copper ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
blue precipitate
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what precipitate will iron (II) ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
green precipitate
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what precipitate will iron (III) ions form when excess sodium hydroxide is added to the solution?
brown precipitate
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what test would you use to find out if a substance is a carbonate?
add dilute acid, if it fizzes and produces carbon dioxide, the solution is a carbonate
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what are group 1 carbonates in water?
soluble
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what test would you use for halide ions?
dilute nitric acid, silver nitrate solution
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what are the positive results for the halide ion tests?
iodide: yellow precipitate, bromide: cream precipitate, chloride: white precipitate
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what is the test for sulfates?
dilute hydrochloric acid, barium chloride solution
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what does a positive result of the sulfate test look like?
white precipitate (barium sulfate) formed
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what are the pros and cons of instrumental analysis?
pros: highly accurate, quick, miniscule samples can be analysed, cons: expensive, requires extensive training to use, gives results that can only be interpreted by comparison with other data
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hows does flame emission spectroscopy work?
sample is heated, energy provided causes electrons to jumper into higher energy levels, electrons fall back into lower shells and energy is released as light, wavelengths analysed in a spectrometer
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what are some examples of formulations?

Back

paints, washing-up liquid, cosmetics, fuels, alloys, medicines, etc...

Card 3

Front

what does a positive test for hydrogen look like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

give an example of a reaction that makes hydrogen

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what does a positive test for oxygen look like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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