Chemical analysis

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  • Created by: leo1223
  • Created on: 09-06-18 09:34
What is meant by a pure substance?
A pure substance contains only one type of element or one type of compound
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What are the characteristics of pure substances?
Pure substances will melt and solidify at one temperature (melting point), boil and condense at one temperature (boiling point)
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What are formulations?
Formulations are mixtures that have been carefully designed to have specific properties
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What are the two phases of chromatography?
The mobile phase is the solvent, which is often water, the stationary phase is the absorbent paper
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Describe the process of chromatography?
During chromatography, mixtures are separated into their singular components, the solvent dissolves the samples and carries them up the paper, each component moves a different distance up the paper depending on its solubility
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What is the equation to work out the Rf value?
Rf = Distance moved by substance / Distance moved by solvent
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What are properties of hydrogen gas?
A colourless gas, it combines violently with oxygen when ignited
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How can you test for hydrogen gas?
When mixed with air, burns with squeaky pop
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What are properties of chlorine gas?
A yellow poisonous gas that bleaches dyes
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What are properties of oxygen?
A colourless gas that helps fuels burn more readily than in air
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What are properties of carbon dioxide?
A colourless gas
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How can you test for chlorine gas?
Turns damp indicator (litmus paper) white
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How can you test for oxygen?
Relights a glowing splint
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How can you test for carbon dioxide?
When bubbled through a limewater (a solution of calcium hydroxide), turns the limewater cloudy
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What is a flame emission spectroscopy used for?
A flame emission spectroscopy is used to analyse solutions that contain metal ions
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Explain how a flame emission spectroscopy is used?
A sample of the metal solution is placed in a flame and the light emitted is passed through a spectroscope, this produces a line spectrum which can be used to identify the metal ions in the solution and measure the concentration of metal ions
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What test can be used to identify metal ions?
The flame test can be used to identify metal ions; Lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium and copper compounds can be recognised by the distinctive colours they produce in a flame test
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What indicates the presence of copper ions in a flame test?
A green flame
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What indicates the presence of calcium ions in a flame test?
A brick red flame
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What indicates the presence of lithium ions in a flame test?
A crimson red flame
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What indicates the presence of potassium ions in a flame test?
A lilac flame
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What indicates the presence of sodium ions in a flame test?
A yellow flame
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What if a compound containing different metal ions is used in the flame test
If a compound that contains different metal ions is use, the colours of some ions may be masked
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What is produced when carbonates react with dilute acids?
When carbonates react with dilute acids, carbon dioxide is formed along with a salt and water
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What turns limewater milky/cloudy?
Carbon dioxide turns limewater cloudy (milky)
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What is a common characteristic among metal carbonates?
Most metal carbonates are insoluble
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What two metal carbonates are soluble?
Sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate are soluble and dissolve in water to form solutions that contain carbonate ions
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What do most metal compounds form?
All metal compounds contain metal ions, some of these form precipitates i.e. an insoluble solid that comes out of a solution
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What precipitate do aluminium ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Aluminium hydroxide - It has a white colour, it dissolves if more sodium hydroxide is added
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What precipitate do calcium ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Calcium hydroxide - it has a white colour
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What precipitate do magnesium ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Magnesium hydroxide - it has a white colour
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What precipitate do copper (II) ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Copper (II) hydroxide - it has a blue colour
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What precipitate do iron (II) ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Iron (II) hydroxide - it has a green colour
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What precipitate do iron (III) ions form when mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution?
Iron (III) hydroxide - it has a brown colour
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What happens if a dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution are added to a solution containing sulphate ions?
If a dilute hydrochloric acid and barium chloride solution are added to a solution containing sulfate ions, a white precipitate of barium sulfate is produced
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What happens to solutions of halide ions when they react with silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid?
Solutions of halide ions (chloride, bromide, iodide ions) react with silver nitrate solution in the presence of dilute nitric acid to produce silver halide precipitates: Silver chloride is white, Silver bromide is cream, Silver iodide is yellow
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the characteristics of pure substances?

Back

Pure substances will melt and solidify at one temperature (melting point), boil and condense at one temperature (boiling point)

Card 3

Front

What are formulations?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the two phases of chromatography?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the process of chromatography?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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