Checking the basics: Biology Topic 2


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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration of water molecules to a region of low concentration across of partially permeable membrane.
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Define the process of transcription.
This is the process where DNA partly unwinds and forms a template strand. From this, mRNA can be formed through the use of complementary nucleotides.
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Define the process of translation.
This is the process where the mRNA strand is used to control the production of a polypeptide chain by a ribosome.
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Define the process of DNA replication.
DNA replication is the process where by two identical strands of DNA are formed. The process is called semi-conservative replication.
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Define the term gene.
A length of DNA which codes for a single polypeptide/protein.
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Define the term allele.
A particular form of a gene.
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Define the term genotype.
Combination of alleles that affect the inheritence of a phenotypic feature.
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Define the term phenotype.
Characteristics of an organism which result both from the alleles it possesses and the environment in which it has developed.
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Define the term locus.
The specific site on a chromosome where a gene/allele is located.
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Define the term dominant.
The allele that will be expressed even if it is paired with a recessive allele.
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Define the term recessive.
An allele that will only be expressed when paired with another recessive allele.
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Define the term heterozygous.
Having alleles at different places/Loci.
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Define the term homozygous.
Having alleles at the same place/Loci.
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Define gene therapy.
This is the use of 'normal' gene's being placed into cells with defective genes to try and correct the issue.
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Define somatic cells.
These are all cells with the exception of reproductive cells (sperm/egg cells)
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Define Germ cells.
A cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell. (Reproductive cells)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define the process of transcription.

Back

This is the process where DNA partly unwinds and forms a template strand. From this, mRNA can be formed through the use of complementary nucleotides.

Card 3

Front

Define the process of translation.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Define the process of DNA replication.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define the term gene.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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