Much of Britain’s capital investment overseas had been wiped out / £ had to be removed from the Gold Standard.
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How were Britain’s exports affected by WW1?
They had lost out to new competitors as their industries had been focused on war production.
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Which global financial event saw a collapse in International trade & markets?
Wall St Crash / Great Depression.
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How did India benefit financially from the War?
Indian manufacturers began to capture more of the domestic market.
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How did Canada benefit financially from WW1?
Emerged as an industrial power / sought investments and markets in USA.
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How were Australia and New Zealand badly affected by WW1?
As major food producers, they were affected by the disruption of trade (sea.)
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What was the aim of the 1929 Colonial Development Act?
To support colonial development projects.
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How did Britain use her empire to soften the impact of the Great Depression?
Colonies fixed value of their currency to Sterling – creating a Sterling Area in which they could all trade.
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Which commodity was prominent in trade with Asia/India and why did this trade begin to fall in the inter-war years?
Cotton / competition from Japan.
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What did the conference at Ottawa in 1932 decide?
10% tax on all imports (apart from Crown colonies) / Britain and dominions gave each other’s exports preferential treatment in their own markets.
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Which 2 South East Asian colonies suffered as a result of the economic depression of the 1930s and how?
Burma & Malaya / relied on exports of tin, rubber & rice.
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List 2 economic impacts of WWII?
German U boats attacked British sea traffic / Loss of major SE Asia colonies to Japanese (HK) / War production meant less manufactured goods for export market / Sterling reserves used to help war effort / UK borrowed heavily from USA leading to debt.
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Describe the Dual Approach.
a.) Colonies abandoned if the cost of running them outweighed the benefit of holding on to them (e.g. India / Burma, Palestine. Those remaining of financial benefit (Malaya) were placed on colonial economic development.
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Who became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1924?
Gandhi
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List movements Gandhi helped to organise.
Non-cooperation movement 1920 / Civil Disobedience Movement 1930-34 / Quit India Movement 1942.
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What was his political philosophy?
Non-violence based on the Hindu principle of Satyagraha – insistence on the truth.
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How did he view what India should be like after independence?
To remain predominantly agricultural/rural and rejected industrialisation & urbanisation .
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How were his methods helpful in damaging Britain’s reputation?
They could only react forcefully to his non-violent campaigns (especially those that damaged their economic interests so lost the moral ‘highground’.
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Why did the job of colonial administrators become harder during the inter-war years?
Faced with growing nationalist movements seeking more representation or full independence / still had to maintain stability and had to collect taxes.
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Describe the term – Dual mandate.
The belief that a colonial power 2 responsibilities 1.) it owed material and moral advancement leading to self-government and 2.) obligation to see the natural resources were developed and exploited.
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Which Indian Administrator was partly responsible for the 1919 Government of India Act?
Edwin Montagu.
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Which Indian Administrator described Gandhi as a ‘menace’?
Sir Harry Hague.
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What did Lord Linlithgow hope to see happen in India with the introduction of more reforms?
The weakening of the more radical elements of Indian nationalism .
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What did Indians accuse him of?
Division and lack of economic development of their country.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How were Britain’s exports affected by WW1?
Back
They had lost out to new competitors as their industries had been focused on war production.
Card 3
Front
Which global financial event saw a collapse in International trade & markets?
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