Chapter one-the origins of the Cold War

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  • Created by: coco267
  • Created on: 23-05-19 13:04
What were the two conflicting ideologies between the US, Britain and USSR?
Capitalism and communism
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What are some of the features of capitalism?
Democracy, free and fair elecions, a multi-party state.
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What are some of the features of communism?
Dictatorship of the proletariat, a single-party state.
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When was the Yalta Conference
February 1945
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What were Stalin's aims at the Yalta Conference?
A sphere of influence, USSR should be compensated for its sacrifies, large-scale reparations should be taken from Germany, the Baltic States should form a buffer zone as a protection from a possible West aggression.
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What was Stalin's aims for Poland?
The parts of Poland that the USSR gained in the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939 and that no support should be given to the Polish government who were in exile in London.
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What were Roosevelt's beliefs at the Yalta Conference?
A deal with Stalin was essential, decolonisation should be part of the post-war agreement (inluded US territories such as the Philippines, American demobilisation should be carried out as soon as possible.
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What were Rossevelt's aims for Poland?
Poland should have self-determination, its government in exile should be recognised and restored.
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What were Churchill's beliefs at the Yalta Conference?
Maintain spheres of influence in Europe that were agreed on in the 1944 Percentages Agreement and protect British colonial interets after the war.
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What were Churchill's aims for Poland?
Protect the territorial integrity and self-determination of Poland.
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What were Stalin's main concerns and what were the proposed solutions?
1.economic destruction of the USSR->receive reprartions from the Axis powers. 2.Need to keep Germnay weak->receive reparations from Germany. 3.Fear of future aggression from the West->Establish satellite states along the west USSR as buffer zone.
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What were Stalin's main concerns and what were the proposed solutions?
1.Restoration of Poland->Establish free and fair elections in Poland and establish fair borders bewteen Germany and Poland. 2.Keep Soviet expansion in check and maintain the status of Britain as a world power->maintain relationship with US.
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What were Roosevelt's main concerns and what were the proposed solutions?
1.Maintenance of peace in the pos-war world->support the establishment of a UN, with strong secuirty council. 2.Self-determiantion for Europe->support democracy in Eastern Europe. 3.World economic reconstruction->support free trade.
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How did Stalin feel about Churchill?
Stalin admired Churchill but distrsuted him and believed him to be dangerous.
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How did Stalin feel about Roosevelt?
Treated him with respect.
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How did Churchill feel about Stalin?
Had reservations about Stalin's ambitions and considered the USSR a threat to Britain's imperial interests.
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How did Churchill feel about Roosevelt?
Churchill thought that Roosevelt was too pro-Russian.
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How did Roosevelt feel about Stalin?
Roosevelt believed that Stalin shared the same understanding and values about what the post-war world should look like.
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How did Roosevelt feel about Churchill?
Roosevelt thought that Churchill was too sensitive to Stalin's provocations.
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When and where was the Potsdam Conference held?
The Potsdam Conference was held in Berlin on the 17th of July 1945.
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Who were the three leaders at Potsdam?
Stalin, Atlee (replaced Churchill after general election), Truman (replaced Roosevelt after he died in April 1945)
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What was the context of the Potsdam?
-Germany was already under occupation. -Soviet control had been extended further into Eastern and Central Europe.
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What were the agreements made at Potsdam?
-Germany would be disrmed, demilitarised and de-Nazified. -The political system would be decentralised. -Freddom of speech, a free press and rekigious tolerance would be restored. -Germay treated as a single economic unit.
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What was agreed about reparations?
-USSR would receive reparations from its own zone and 25% from Western zones. -Western powers would take reparations from their own zones and receive agricultural produce from the Soviet zone.
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What were Stalin's goals for Potsdam?
-Maintain a Red Army presence in Eastern Europe to ensure Soviet security. -Install communist regimes in Europe which are loyal to the USSR.
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What were Stalin's relations like with the other leaders at Potsdam?
-Suspicious of the motives of Britain and the USA. -Believed the USA had an anti-Soviet agenda.
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What were Truman's goals at Potsdam?
-Create a post-war world based on national self-determination. -Support an open-world trading system based on international economic cooperation. -Limit Soviet expansion.
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What were Truman's relations like with the other leaders at Potsdam?
-Feared Soviet expansion. -Believed the USSR was not receptive to diplomact and cooperation; force might be needed instead.
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What were Atlee's goals at Potsdam?
-Keep the USA in Europe as a protector of Western Europe. -Rebuild Germany.
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What were Atlee's relations like with the other leaders at Potsdam?
-Wanted to maintain close relations with the USA. -Feared Soviet expansion; suspicious of Stalin.
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