Chapter B4 Organising Animals and Plants

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  • Created by: andre
  • Created on: 21-05-18 17:11
STATE what 4 types of cells are in the blood stream.
1) plasma 2) red blood cells 3) white blood cells 4) platelets
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STATE the percentage of which cells are in the blood stream.
55% = plasma 45% = red blood cells 1% = white blood cells + platelets
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DESCRIBE the main features of the RED BLOOD CELLS.
They are biconcave discs, they have no nucleus, contain haemoglobin giving it the red colour, haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin, carries oxygen to all the other organs.
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DESCRIBE the main features of the WHITE BLOOD CELLS.
They all have a nucleus, forms part of the defence system in the body, lymphocytes make antibodies, lymphocytes make antitoxins, phagocytes engulf microorganisms.
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STATE what is transported by PLASMA.
Transports CO2, digested food, urea, hormones and heat.
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DESCRIBE the main features of PLATELETS.
Causes blood clotting, stops microorganisms entering the blood flow, stops blood escaping.
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DESCRIBE how the PLATELETS bond together.
The platelet connects around the required area and changes shape, this encourages other platelets to join t=so they all connect and change shape to eventually the area is covered so microorganisms don't get in and blood doesn't get out.
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DESCRIBE the main features of the ARTERY.
Thick walls, small lumen, thick layer of muscle.
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DESCRIBE the main features of the VEINS.
Relatively thin walls, large lumen, often have valves.
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DESCRIBE the main features of the CAPILLARIES.
Walls a single cell thick, tiny vessel with narrow lumen.
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DESCRIBE what the double circulatory system is.
one transport system carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back again, the other one carries blood from the heart to the other organs and back again.
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STATE why VEINS have valves.
to prevent backflow of blood.
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STATE the 3 types or ARTERIES.
Pulmonary artery, Aorta, Arterials
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STATE the 4 chambers in the heart.
right/left atrium and right/left ventricle
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STATE which ventricle has a thicker wall.
left ventricle
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STATE the function of valves in the heart.
they stop backflow into other chambers.
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EXPLAIN the function of a stent.
the stent is pushed into the artery and a balloon is pumped up. this leaves a metal mesh behind opening up blocked arteries.
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DESCRIBE the function of statins.
statins are prescribed to lower cholesterol which reduces the fatty acids in arteries.
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STATE the 2 types of VEINS.
pulmonary vein, Vena Cava.
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EXPLAIN the function of replacement valves.
it replaces damages valves in the heart so it would stop backflow.
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EXPLAIN the function of pacemakers.
pacemakers try to correct irregular heartbeats with your sinus node.
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STATE the location of where the NATURAL pacemaker is.
right atrium.
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STATE the definition of a sinus node.
a sinus node is your NATURAL pacemaker/heartbeat.
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EXPLAIN the function of a artificial heart.
a artificial heart connected to your heart to help or replace a failing heart.
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EXPLAIN the problems with an artificial heart.
the person would need drugs to prevent the blood from clotting.
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STATE 2 benefits to artificial hearts.
keeps patients alive while waiting for transplants, allows heart to rest as an aid recovery.
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EXPLAIN the process of breathing in.
the air outside is a higher pressure than the chest so air is drawn into the lungs, the increase in volume means lower pressure in the chest, ribs move up and out and the diaphragm flattens so the volume of the chest increases.
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EXPLAIN the process of breathing out.
the pressure outside the lungs is lower so air is forced out the lungs, decreasing volume means increased pressure in the chest, ribs fall and diaphragm moves up so volume decreases.
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STATE the term used for the process where oxygen enters the blood and CO2 leaves.
Gas Exchange
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STATE what muscles contract when you breathe in.
intercoastal muscles, diaphragm
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STATE the structure which increases surface area in the lungs.
Alveoli
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DESCRIBE the function of the alveoli.
it is a rich source of blood and air so gas can diffuse quickly.
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STATE which tissue covers the plant.
Epidermal
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EXPLAIN the function of PALISADE MESOPHYLL.
it has lots of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.
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EXPLAIN the function of SPONGY MESOPHYLL.
big air space and large surface area for diffusion of gasses.
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EXPLAIN the function of XYLEM.
transports water and dissolved minerals from the root to the rest of the plant.
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STATE the function of PHLOEM.
transports dissolved food substances from the LEAVES to the rest of the plant.
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STATE some plant organs.
Stem, roots, leaves, flower etc...
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STATE the meaning of translocation.
the movement of substances from one region of a plant to another.
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EXPLAIN the function of guard cells.
to control the size of the stoma.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

STATE the percentage of which cells are in the blood stream.

Back

55% = plasma 45% = red blood cells 1% = white blood cells + platelets

Card 3

Front

DESCRIBE the main features of the RED BLOOD CELLS.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

DESCRIBE the main features of the WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

STATE what is transported by PLASMA.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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