Chapter 7: Language 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyLanguageUniversityAll boards Created by: Elysia NorthallCreated on: 30-11-15 18:42 Lexicon Our mental dictionary 1 of 32 Grapheme Units of written language that correspond to a phoneme 2 of 32 Irregular words take the.. DIRECT lexical route 3 of 32 Direct lexical route Where graphemes map directly onto the phoneme 4 of 32 Pronunciation is accessed via... INDIRECT sub-lexical route 5 of 32 Indirect sub-lexical route Does not involve lexicon, maps grapheme onto pronunciation 6 of 32 Dyselxia A disorder involving difficulty reading and writing 7 of 32 Surface dyslexia Unable to read irregular words (impaired DIRECT lexical route) 8 of 32 Phonological dyslexia Unable to read pronounceable non-words (impaired INDIRECT sub-lexical route) 9 of 32 Semantic priming Meaning of word influences the processing of other words that are conceptually related 10 of 32 Deep dyslexia Readers cannot retrieve the meaning of words 11 of 32 Linguistic realtivity hypothesis Language may influence the way we think and perceive 12 of 32 Concept Mental representation that groups or categories shared features of related objects, events or other stimuli 13 of 32 Category-specific deficit An inability to recognise objects that belong to a particular category, while leaving the ability to recognise objects outside the category untouched 14 of 32 Family resemblance Where members of a category have features that appear to be characteristic of category members but may not be possessed by every member 15 of 32 Prototype theory Our psychological categorisation is organised around the most typical member of a cetgory 16 of 32 Exemplar theory We make category judegments by comparing a new instance with stored memories of other instances of the category 17 of 32 Availability bias Items more readily available in the memory are judged to have occurred more frequently 18 of 32 Algorithm Is a well defined sequence of procedures or rules that guarantees a solution to a problem 19 of 32 Conjunction fallacy When people think two events are more likely to occur together than separately 20 of 32 Representative heuristic A mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgement by comparing an object or event to the prototype of that object ro event 21 of 32 Framing effects People give different answers to the same problem depending on how the he problem is phrased 22 of 32 Sunk-cost fallacy Which occurs when people make decisions about a current situation based on past investments 23 of 32 Prospect theory Which proposes that people choose to take on a risk when evaluating potential losses and avoid risks when evaluating potential gains 24 of 32 Certainty effect Suggests that people rely more on certainty than possibility in their decisions 25 of 32 Frequency format hypothesis Our minds evolved to notice how frequently things occur, and not how likely they are to occcur 26 of 32 Ill-defined problem One that does not have a clear goal or clear solution paths 27 of 32 Defined problem One with clearly specified goals and clearly defined solution paths 28 of 32 Means-ends analysis A process of searching for the means or steps to reduce the difference between the current situation and the desired goals, 29 of 32 Analogical problem solving Solving a problem by finding a similar problem with a known solution and applying that solution to the current problem 30 of 32 Functional fixedness The tendency to perceive the functions of objects as fixed 31 of 32 Reasoning A mental activity that consists of organising information or beliefs into a series of steps to reach conclusions 32 of 32
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