Chapter 22: The Summits Between the USA and the USSR?

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  • Created by: Madisonxo
  • Created on: 07-05-19 10:09
What goals did both Gorbachev and Reagan have?
Common interests: redefine the basis of superpower relations, fears of nuclear warfare + wanted arms limitations.
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When was the Geneva summit? What happened?
Nov 1985: general agreement to work towards goal of cutting weapons by 50%. Although there were no concrete outcomes, issued joint statement 'nuclear war cannot be won+must never be fought', 'importance of preventing any war between USA+USSR'
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Significance of Geneva Summit?
Showed GV had removed ideological split between East and West
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Limitations at Geneva?
No concrete agreements + SDI
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When was Reykjavik? What happened?
Oct 1986: Reagan=in favour of eliminating nuclear weapons but GV would not discuss this unless SDI was abandoned. Clear both sides wanted to reduce arms. Human rights discussed - exchange of ideas.
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When was Washington? What happened?
Dec 1987: INF treaty agreed, ended all intermediate range ballistic+cruise missiles, these would be destroyed by 1991, GV decision to withdraw from Afghan
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Precedent set at Washington?
1st time both USSR+USA agreed to remove a whole class of nuclear weapons, singif bc USSR made no demands on US withdrawing from SDI, USSR also accepted that British+French nuclear weapons were not part of the overall deal.
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When was the Moscow Summit? What happened?
May-June 1988: Aim to agree to START but focus was actually on cultural exchanges+human rights. Reagan made public appearances.
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What was START?
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
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What was signif about Reagan's public appearances?
Moscow State University: Speech about freedom, shared his vision of USSR free from chains of totalitarian rule, made supportive comments e.g. not an evil empire, reinforced GVs following within the USSR itself.
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Significance of Moscow Summit?
Content=relatively unimportant, GV still anti SDI, when asked why by Reagan he said because the USSR believed that SDI was designed to put offensive weapons in space.
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When did SDI begin?
1983: Believed that a defence system against ICBMs could be created, reducing Soviet incentive to make them. SDI=idea that weapons could be destroyed in space before they reached their targets.
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Signif of SDI?
Gave the US a de facto nuclear monopoly.
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When was Bush elected pres?
Nov 1989: Thought it was essential that GV remained strong in the USSR to manage US-soviet relations.
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Bush's beliefs about the USSR?
Believed they were planning a renewed cold war but wanted US to remain dominant therefore supported Gorbachev
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Card 2

Front

When was the Geneva summit? What happened?

Back

Nov 1985: general agreement to work towards goal of cutting weapons by 50%. Although there were no concrete outcomes, issued joint statement 'nuclear war cannot be won+must never be fought', 'importance of preventing any war between USA+USSR'

Card 3

Front

Significance of Geneva Summit?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Limitations at Geneva?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was Reykjavik? What happened?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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