The part of a lever system that pivots; joints are the fulcrums in the body's lever systems.
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Resistance
The load to be moved by a lever system; usually this involves weight when the body's lever systems are involved.
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Effort
The force applied to move the resistance or weight; in the body, the effort is provided by muscles exerting a force.
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First Class Lever
Found at the elbow joint, where the triceps causes extension of the lower arm.
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Second Class Lever
Found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion.
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Third Class Lever
The majority of the body's joints act as third class levers; for example, the biceps acting at the elbow to cause flexion acts as a third class lever system.
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Mechanical Advantage
The benefit to a lever system of having either a short effort arm - giving rapid movements over a large range of movement - or short resistance arm - giving the advantage of being able to move a heavy weight.
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Mechanical Advantage Equation
Effort arm divided by the resistance arm.
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Agonist
The prime mover - muscle that causes movement.
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Antagonist
Muscle that relaxes to allow the agonist to contract.
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Tendons
Attach muscles to bones.
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Isotonic
Muscle action where the muscle changes length - causes movement.
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Isometric
Muscle action where the muscle stays the same length - used in balances.
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Concentric
Isotonic contraction where the muscle shortens.
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Eccentric
Isotonic contraction where the muscle lengthens - used to control downward movements.
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Biceps
Muscle causing flexion at the elbow.
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Triceps
Muscle causing extension at the elbow.
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Hamstrings
Group of muscles causing flexion at the knee.
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Quadriceps
Group of muscles causing extension at the knee.
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Hip Flexors
Main agonists at the hip during hip flexion.
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Gluteals
Main agonists at the hip during hip extension.
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Tibialis Anterior
Muscle causing dorsiflexion at the ankle.
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Gastrocnemius
Muscle causing plantar flexion at the ankle.
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Deltoif
Muscle causing abduction at the shoulder.
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Latissimus Dorsi
Muscle causing adduction at the shoulder.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The load to be moved by a lever system; usually this involves weight when the body's lever systems are involved.
Back
Resistance
Card 3
Front
The force applied to move the resistance or weight; in the body, the effort is provided by muscles exerting a force.
Back
Card 4
Front
Found at the elbow joint, where the triceps causes extension of the lower arm.
Back
Card 5
Front
Found at the ankle, where the gastrocnemius causes plantar flexion.
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