The scientific method allows us to determine the .... of natural phenomena
Causes
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What are the three basic forms of scientific research?
Naturalistic observations, experiments and correlational studies
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Hypotheses are statements or predictions made on the basis of ...
Naturalistic observations, previous experiments or from formal theories
3 of 17
What is an independent groups design?
Where the individuals in one group are not the same as those in the other
4 of 17
What is a repeated measures design?
Where the same individuals take part in all conditions of the experiment
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An ... variable is an event, factor that is manipulated by the experimenter; the ... variable is the quantity measured in an experiment (and is ... to be influence by the ... variable)
Independent, dependent, hypothesised, independent
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To perform an experiment, a scientist alters the ... of the independent variable and measures ... in the dependent variable
Value, changes
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A psychologist must specify the .... that they will perform to manipulate the ... variable and to measure the ... variable
Particular operations, independent, dependent
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Operational definitions are a necessary part of the procedure by which a ... is tested
Hypothesis
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They can also eliminate .... by giving ...to the hypothesis, making its meaning absolutely ... to other scientists
Confusion, concrete form, clear
10 of 17
... is the degree to which an operational definition produces a particular value of an independent variable or measures the value of a dependent variable
Validity
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... refers to the consistency and precision of an operational definition
Reliability
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Researchers achieve high reliability by carefully ... the conditions of their studies and by ensuring that ... are followed ...
Controlling, procedures, correctly
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Measurement involving subjectivity requires researchers to seek high ...
Inter-rater reliability
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When designing an experiment, experimenters ensure that they control ... variables that may ... their results.
Extraneous, confound
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If an extra variable is ... and if this extra variable has an effect on the ..., then the results of the experiment will be ...
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