a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
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gene
a length of DNA that codes for a protein
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inheritance
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
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haploid nucleus
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in sperm and egg cells)
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diploid nucleus
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)
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homologous chromosomes
the two chromosomes of a pair
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mitosis
nuclear division giving ride to genetically identical cells
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meiosis
nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different OR reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically different cells
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embryonic stem cells
cells in the very early embryo, before they start to become different kinds of cells
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allele
any of two or more alternative forms of a gene
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homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g. GG or gg). Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding
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heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene (e.g. Gg), not pure-breeding
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genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (e.g. Tt of GG)
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phenotype
the features of an organism
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dominant
an allele that is expressed if it is present (e.g. G)
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recessive
an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
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codominance
when neither of a pair of alleles is completely dominant or completely recessive
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sex chromosomes
the last pair of chromosomes responsible for determining what sex a person will be
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sex-linked genes
genes that are found only on the non-homologous parts of the X or Y chromosomes
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sex-linked characteristics
a characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome, which makes it more common in one sex than in the other
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a length of DNA that codes for a protein
Back
gene
Card 3
Front
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
Back
Card 4
Front
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in sperm and egg cells)
Back
Card 5
Front
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)
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