Chapter 18 - Inheritance

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  • Created by: E456
  • Created on: 24-03-17 12:24
chromosome
a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes
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gene
a length of DNA that codes for a protein
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inheritance
the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation
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haploid nucleus
a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in sperm and egg cells)
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diploid nucleus
a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)
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homologous chromosomes
the two chromosomes of a pair
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mitosis
nuclear division giving ride to genetically identical cells
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meiosis
nuclear division giving rise to cells that are genetically different OR reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid, resulting in genetically different cells
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embryonic stem cells
cells in the very early embryo, before they start to become different kinds of cells
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allele
any of two or more alternative forms of a gene
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homozygous
having two identical alleles of a particular gene (e.g. GG or gg). Two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding
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heterozygous
having two different alleles of a particular gene (e.g. Gg), not pure-breeding
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genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism in terms of the alleles present (e.g. Tt of GG)
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phenotype
the features of an organism
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dominant
an allele that is expressed if it is present (e.g. G)
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recessive
an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present
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codominance
when neither of a pair of alleles is completely dominant or completely recessive
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sex chromosomes
the last pair of chromosomes responsible for determining what sex a person will be
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sex-linked genes
genes that are found only on the non-homologous parts of the X or Y chromosomes
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sex-linked characteristics
a characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome, which makes it more common in one sex than in the other
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

a length of DNA that codes for a protein

Back

gene

Card 3

Front

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g. in sperm and egg cells)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g. in body cells)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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