Changing Urban Environments

Is most urbanisation happening today in rich or poor countries?

Poor countries

1 of 30

What is rural-urban migration?

Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to the cities

2 of 30

Explain one cause of rural-urban migration in poorer countries

There are more jobs in urban areas. Industry is attracted to cities because there's a larger workforce and better infrastructure than in rural areas

3 of 30

Explain one cause of rural-urban migration in richer countries

In the late 20th century, people left run-down city areas and moved to the country. But people are now being encouraged back by the redevelopment of these urban areas

4 of 30

What does CBD stand for?

Central Business District

5 of 30

What's the main land use in the suburbs?

Housing - land here is cheaper and it's still close enough to commute into the CBD easily

6 of 30

Explain what the rural-urban fringe is

This is the part right at the edge of a city where there are both rural and urban land uses (e.g. factories and farming). There are also fewer, but larger houses

7 of 30

Give an example of how land use has changed in a part of the city

Inner city tower blocks have been changed and replaced with housing estates on the rural-urban fringe

8 of 30

Give two problems that cities in rich countries have to deal with

1. Ethnic segregation 2. Run down CBDs

9 of 30

Describe two solutions to one of these problems

For ethnic segregation: 1. Translators provided at places like hospitals and police stations 2. Information provided about different services e.g. printing leaflets in different languages

10 of 30

Give an example of a successful attempt to revitalise a CBD

Birmingham

11 of 30

Name three problems caused by the increasing number of cars on the road in richer countries

1. More air pollution damages health 2. More traffic accidents 3. More traffic jams and congestion

12 of 30

Explain one solution to reduce the number of cars in cities

By increasing car parking charges, car use is discourages so people are more likely to take public transport

13 of 30

Give one reason why there is ethnic segregation in many urban areas

People prefer to live close to others with the same background and religion, and also people who speak the same language

14 of 30

Give one strategy used to support the multicultural mix of urban areas

By making sure there are suitable services for the different cultures (e.g. providing doctors of the same sex as the patient)

15 of 30

What is a squatter settlement?

Squatter settlements are settlements that are built illegally in and around the city, by people who can't afford proper housing

16 of 30

Describe what life is like for residents in a typical squatter settlement

There is no access to basic services like electricity, and there may not be police or medical services. Life expectancy is also low, and many people have to work in the informal sector. However, there is strong community spirit!

17 of 30

What is the informal sector of the economy?

Where jogs aren't taxed or monitored by the government. There is also little pay and long working hours in the informal sector

18 of 30

Name a project that has improved a squatter settlement

The Favela-Bairro Project

19 of 30

Give one environmental improvement that has been made

Basic services have been provided, such as clean water, electricity and weekly rubbish collection

20 of 30

Give one social improvement that has been made

Adult education services have been provided in order to improve adult literacy

21 of 30

Give one economic improvement that has been made

Training schemes have been introduced to help people learn new skills, get better jobs and therefore earn more income

22 of 30

How successful has this project been?

It has been very successful - for example, the standard of living and health has greatly improved

23 of 30

Exaplin one reason why waste disposal is such a problem in the cities of many poorer countries

Money - poorer countries can't afford it, and there are often more urgent problems to spend limited funds of (e.g. healthcare)

24 of 30

Give three effects of water pollution

1. Water pollution kills fish and other animals, which disrupts food chains 2. Harmful chemicals can build up in the food chain and poison humans 3. Contamination of water supplies with sewage can spread diseases

25 of 30

How can air pollution be managed?

This can involve setting air quality standards for industries and constantly monitoring levels of pollutants to check they're safe

26 of 30

What is meant by a sustainable city?

A city that doesn't irreversibly damage the environment or use up resources faster than they can be placed

27 of 30

Explain how building on brownfield sites can help a city to become more sustainable

Using brownfield sites for new buildings stops green space being used up, so the space will still be available for people in the future

28 of 30

Name a sustainable city

Curitiba (southern Brazil)

29 of 30

Name three ways in which this city is trying to be more sustainable

1. Reducing car use 2. Plenty of open spaces and conserved natural environment 3. Good recycling schemes

30 of 30

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Changing Urban Environments

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

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Card 4

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Back

Card 5

Front

Back

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