Changing UK landscapes

?
What Is Physical Weathering?
when temperature changes and rocks expand or fill with ice and break off.
1 of 60
What Is Chemical Weathering?
when chemical reactions between weak acids and water causes rocks to break.
2 of 60
What Is Biological Weathering?
when plants and animals help break off rock.
3 of 60
How is Metamorphic rock formed?
alteration of other rocks by heat and/or pressure
4 of 60
Two examples of a Metamorphic rock
Marble and Slate
5 of 60
How is Sedimentary rock formed?
layers of fragments of other rocks and/or remains of plants and animals.
6 of 60
Two examples of a Sedimentary rock
Clay, Sandstone, Limestone
7 of 60
How is Igneous rock formed?
cooling and solidification of lava or magma
8 of 60
Example of an intrusive Igneous rock
Granite
9 of 60
Example of an extrusive Igneous rock
Basalt
10 of 60
What is an intrusive Igneous rock?
a rock which is formed due to the cooling of magma below earth's surface
11 of 60
What is an extrusive Igneous rock?
a rock which is formed due to the cooling of lava on earth's surface
12 of 60
What is compaction?
a process that occurs when layers of rock fragments are buried and compressed
13 of 60
Crystalline definition
means rock is composed of interlocking crystals
14 of 60
Clastic definition
refers to particles or fragments of rocks known as 'clasts'
15 of 60
What is plucking?
when water from a glacier freezes around lumps of cracked and broken rock,when the ice moves downhill rock is plucked from backwall.
16 of 60
What is the fetch?
the distance the wind blows over surface of water
17 of 60
What is the swash?
the movement of wave up shore
18 of 60
What is the backwash?
the movement of water downshore
19 of 60
Constructive waves are...
more frequent
20 of 60
Destructive waves are..
created in a storm
21 of 60
Constructive waves have a strong..
swash
22 of 60
Destructive waves have a weak...
swash
23 of 60
What is Mass movement?
movement of soil, sand and rock downslope
24 of 60
What is the Soil creep?
the slow progression of soil down a low gradient slope
25 of 60
What is Slumping?
the process of a mass of loosely consolidated materials moving a short distance down a slope.
26 of 60
What is a Bay?
an inlet of sea where the land curves inwards due to erosion
27 of 60
Bays are more sheltered with...
constructive waves
28 of 60
What is a wave-cut platform?
a wide gently-sloping rocky surface found at the foot of a cliff
29 of 60
What process cause the formation of a wave-cut notch?
abrasion and hydraulic action
30 of 60
What waves form beaches?
constructive
31 of 60
Where are sandy beaches found?
in bays where the water is shallow and the waves have less energy
32 of 60
Where are pebble beaches found?
where cliffs are being eroded and where there are high energy waves
33 of 60
What are berms?
ridges on the beach platform
34 of 60
Sandy beaches are less...
steep than a shingle beach
35 of 60
Why is the sediment size larger at the top of the beach?
Because the high-energy storms waves carry the large sediment
36 of 60
Why is the sediment size smaller nearer the water?
the waves break there and break down the rock due to attrition
37 of 60
Spits occur when....
there is a change in the shape of a landscape or there is a river mouth
38 of 60
What is a spit?
and extended stretch of land or shingle jutting out inot the sea from the land.
39 of 60
What can form at the end of a spit?
a hook, if there is a change in wind direction
40 of 60
Why do salt marshes or mud flats form behind spits?
Waves cannot get past so silt is deposited here
41 of 60
Where do lagoons form?
behind bars
42 of 60
How do bars form?
the joining of a spit with a headland
43 of 60
Why do waterfalls form?
when there are horizontal bands of resistant rock positioned over exposed less resistant rock
44 of 60
What is a gorge?
Steep sided valley where a waterfall was
45 of 60
Where do you find interlocking spurs?
In the upper course
46 of 60
What type of erosion occurs at interlocking spurs?
vertical erosion, river cuts down into the valley
47 of 60
How are interlocking spurs formed?
When the rock is too resistant, the river bends around it
48 of 60
As the river makes its way through the middle course it...
gains more energy and water
49 of 60
What does lateral erosion do to the river?
It widens it
50 of 60
How are river cliffs formed? (meanders)
Lateral erosion on the out side of a bend causes undercutting of the bank
51 of 60
What is the slip-off slope?
the build up of deposited sediment
52 of 60
Why do meanders move closer?
erosion narrows the neck of the land within the meander
53 of 60
Why does the water cut across the neck?
because of high discharge during a flood
54 of 60
What is a floodplain?
an area of land which is covered in water when the river bursts its banks
55 of 60
How are floodplains formed?
erosion removes inter-locking spurs, creating a wide flat are on either side of river
56 of 60
What is floodplain land used for?
agriculture because it is very furtile
57 of 60
What is the floodplain made up of?
Alluvium
58 of 60
Why do levees form?
because of the spreading of sediment across floodplain due to flood
59 of 60
What is an estuary?
where the river meets the sea/lake
60 of 60

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What Is Chemical Weathering?

Back

when chemical reactions between weak acids and water causes rocks to break.

Card 3

Front

What Is Biological Weathering?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is Metamorphic rock formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Two examples of a Metamorphic rock

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Geography resources:

See all Geography resources »See all Water and rivers resources »