Quality of life in York improved by 30%. Families had to live on £5 a week. Condoms reduced family size. Real wages went from £92.2 to £107.7 between the wars.
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What was the impact on health and diet? 1918-39
1914 Provision of Meals Act- gave free meals to all needy school-children. Infant mortality had halved from 1900 levels in 1922. Regional differences. Wales 5.17/1000 stillborn compared to 0.84/1000 in Kensington
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What were regional variations?
Areas focused on old-industries saw higher unemployment.85% of all long term unemployment was in the North of England, Scotland and South Wales. 62% of all shipbuilders were unemployed in 1932.
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Consumption and regional variations
Car ownership, 20% in the South, 12% in the north. 66% of households had electricity in 1939. In the south, 861 kw/h used in 1938, north 385 kw/h used.
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The effects of total war?
Cities such as London, Birmingham and Glasgow all saw major damage. 3.5 million homes were destroyed. 5.5 million were in the army. Over a million children were evacuated.
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The effects of total war on consumption?
Loss of shipping. Rationing. Food became more affordable to the poorest families. Wages doubled during the war. 'Dig for victory'. British film industry & music financed by government to improve morale.
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The effects of total war on Austerity?
A 1/4 of all consumer expenditure was controlled by rationing. Bread was rationed in 1946.
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The growth of a consumer society, 1951-79. Incomes
Real incomes 30% in the 1950s, 22% in the 60s and 30% in the 70s. Home ownership increased to 50% in 1970.
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Wants and needs
Gas sales doubled and electricity sales quadrupled. 84% of homes had central heating in 1991. Nearly every house in Britain. By 1969 half of all men and women used deodorant. Twiggy & Mary Quant 'Mini skirt'
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Shops
286 supermarkets in 1959. 572 in 1961. 3,500 by 1971. First out of town supermarket in Nottingham 1964.
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Consumer credit
1974 Consumer Credit Act- clarified the rights and responsibilities of lenders and borrowers, paved the way for an explosion of consumer borrowing. Credit cards used for the first time in 1966.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the impact on health and diet? 1918-39
Back
1914 Provision of Meals Act- gave free meals to all needy school-children. Infant mortality had halved from 1900 levels in 1922. Regional differences. Wales 5.17/1000 stillborn compared to 0.84/1000 in Kensington
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