CH2 Revision (Bonding)

This resource covers all the basic information for CH2 topic four, bonding, for the WJEC board.

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What is meant by covalent bonding?
Each atom shares at least one of its electrons, that have opposing spins.
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What is meant by co-ordinate bonding?
When both shared electrons come from only one of the atoms.
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What is meant by Ionic bonding?
When electrons are given or taken.
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What is electronegativity?
A measure of the ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract the electron bonding pair.
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What is a dipole?
The seperation of charge within a molecule. The electrical charges are partially negative and partially positive on either end of the bond.
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Why does fluctuating dipoles form?
This is due to the electrons moving around the nucleus, sometimes the electron density can be greater on one side of the molecule, this will produce a partial charge on the atom. This could then go on to induce another
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What are Van der Waals forces?
Weak intermolecular forces made up of dipole-dipole and induced dipole-induced dipole forces of attraction.
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What is Hydrogen Bonding?
This is a strong intermolecular bond having a hydrogen atom bonded to a very electronegative atom such as Oxygen.
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Does hydrogen bonding affect boiling temperature?
Yes, hyrogen bonding is much stronger than normal intermolecular forces between molecules in a solid or liquid. The hydrogen bonding in water is the reason for the boiling temperature being much higher than other liquids.
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Order Hydrogen bonding, Covalent bonding and Van der Waals in order of bond strength
Covalent > Hydrogen > Van der Walls
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What is a lone pair?
Two electrons having opposing spins that belong to one atom only and are not involved in the bonding to another atom.
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Bond angle for a linear molecule?
180 degrees
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Bond angle for a trigonal planar molecule?
120 degrees
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Bond angle for a tetrahedral molecule?
109.5 degrees
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Bond angle for a square planar molecule?
90 degrees
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Bond angle for a trigonal bipyramid molecule?
90 / 120 degrees
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Bond angle for an octahedral molecule?
90 degrees
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What is VSEPR Theory?
Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory. This can be used to explain why the shapes formed are as such.
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What makes a substance B soluble in water (C)?
A substance B will be soluble in C if the attractions between B and C molecules are greater than those between B and B and C and between C and C molecules.
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What is a solute?
A substance that dissolves in the solvent.
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What is a solvent?
The liquid medium in which the solute dissolves.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is meant by co-ordinate bonding?

Back

When both shared electrons come from only one of the atoms.

Card 3

Front

What is meant by Ionic bonding?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a dipole?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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