CH1 definitions

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  • Created by: zopetre_
  • Created on: 21-01-17 13:43
Oxidation number
The number of electrons that need to be added to or taken way from an element to make it neutral.
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Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Mass number
The number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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Isotope
Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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Ion
A particle where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons.
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a-particles
Cluster of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, therefore positively charged.
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b-particles
Fast moving electrons, therefore negatively charged.
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y-rays
High energy electromagnetic radiation, therefore no charge.
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Half-life
The time taken for the radioactivity of a radioisotope to fall to half its initial value.
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Atomic orbital
A region in an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins.
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Electronic configuration
The arrangement of electrons in an atom.
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The molar first ionisation energy
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of its gaseous atoms.
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Electron shielding
The repulsion between electrons in the different shells. Inner shell electrons repel outer shell electrons.
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Successive ionisation energies
A measure of the energy needed to remove each electron in turn until all the electrons are removed from an atom.
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Relative atomic mass
The average mass of one atom of the element relative to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
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Relative isotopic mass
The average mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Relative formula mass
The average mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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One mole
The amount of any substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12.
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The Avogadro constant
The number of atoms per mole.
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Molar mass
The mass of one mole of a substnace.
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Stoichiometry
The molar relationship between the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
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Empirical formula
The simplest formula showing the simplest whole number ratio of the amount of elements present.
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Molecular formula
The actual number of atoms of each element present in the molecule. It's a simple multiple of the empirical formula.
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Molar volume, Vm
The volume per mole of a gas.
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Atom economy
(mass of required product/total mass of reactants) x 100%
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Percentage yield
(mass/moles of product obtained/maximum theoretic mass) x 100%
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Ionic bond
A bond formed by the electrical attraction between the positive and negative ions (cations and anions).
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Covalent bond
A pair of electrons with opposed spins shared between two atoms, with each atom giving one electron.
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Coordinate bond
A covalent bond in which both electrons come from one of the atoms.
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Electronegativity
A measure of the electron-attracting power of an atom in a covalent bond.
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Intermolecular bonding
The weak bonding holding the molecules together, it governs the physical properties of the substance.
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Intramolecular bonding
The strong bonding between the atoms in the molecule, it governs the chemistry.
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van der Waals forces
include all types of intermolecular force, whether dipole or induced dipole.
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Reversible reaction
One that can go in either direction depending on the conditions.
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Dynamic equilibrium
When the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.
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Position of equilibrium
Is the proportion of products to reactants in an equilibrium mixture.
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Le Chatelier's principle
States that if a system at equilibrium is subject to a change, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimise the effect of change.
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Acid
A proton (H+) donor
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Base
A proton (H+) acceptor
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Strong acid
One that fully dissociates in aqueous solution.
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Weak acid
One that partially dissociates in aqueous solution.
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Salt
The compound that forms when a metal ion replaces the hydrogen ion in an acid.
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Standard solution
One whose concentration is accurately known.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Atomic number

Back

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Card 3

Front

Mass number

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Isotope

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Ion

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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