Cephalopods

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  • Created by: Omar-uni
  • Created on: 05-01-20 16:32
What is a Cephalopod?
An ancient group consisting of Octopus, cuttlefish, squid and Nautilius
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How many subclasses of Cephalopod are there?
2
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What are the 2 subclasses of Cephalopod?
Nautiloidea and Coleoidea
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Which class off Cephalopod is the only one with a shell?
The Nautilius
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What is the Nautilius shell formed from?
Ectoderm
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What shell like structure is found in cuttlefish?
A cuttlebone
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What is the Nautilius shell divided by?
Divided by septa into internal chambers
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Which chambers of the shell are occupied by a living animal?
Only the last one
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In what habitat do cephalopods live?
In all marine waters, coasts to deep abysaal plains. Benthic and Pelagic. No freshwater or terrestrial
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What is unique to many deep sea cephalopods that aids in locomotion?
They have a Gelatinous tissue with high ammonium ions for neutral buoyancy
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What is the general anatomy of Cephalopods?
Head, foot, mantle, organs,brain, sense organs, foot and arms
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How do cephalopods locomote?
Jet propulsion, through funnel, high speed, steer using funnel, this is energy expensive. Swimming, walking.
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How does the Nautilius stay buoyant?
Gas diffuses into gap between mantle and shell. Oils accumulate in liver. Gelatinous body
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What kind of diet do Cephalopods have?
A carnivorous diet
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What are cephalopods equipped with that helps them catch prey?
A 2 part beak and a radula with multiple rows of teeth
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How do cephalopods catch prey?
With arms and tentacles, they bite and inject venom using salivary papillae
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Which species of cephalopod is extremely venomous?
The Blue ringed octopus
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What does the venom of the blue ringed octopus lead to?
Motor paralysis and respiratory arrest which leads to cardiac arrest due to lack of oxygen
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How do cephalopods respire?
They exchange gasses with sea water by forcing out water through the gills (Jet propulsion)
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Do cephalopods have an open or a closed circulatory system?
Closed circulatory system (only invertebrates with this)
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How many hearts do cephalopods have?
3
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What are the names of the cephalopod hearts?
Systematic(central) heart and Branchial hearts
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How many Systematic (central) hearts do cephalopods have?
1
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How many Branchial hearts do cephalopods have?
2
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What is the function of the Systematic (central) heart?
To pump oxygenated blood to the body
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What is the function of the Branchial hearts?
To pump blood to gills
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What is the name of the blood cells in cephalopods?
Haemocytes
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What is special about Haemocytes?
They can't clot
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What is the colour of the blood of a Cephalopod?
Blue
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Why is the blood of a cephalopod blue?
Because it bind to oxygen using a blue- copper containing protein called haemocyanin
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Do cephalopods reproduce sexually or asexually?
Sexually
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Are cephalopods Dioecious or Hermaphroditic?
Dioecious
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What happens to a cephalopod after it mates?
It dies
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What name is given to something that mates once and dies?
Semalporous
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How do cephalopods reproduce?
The penis in males transfers spermatophores to their modified arm called a hectocotylus. This arm can be left in the female
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What do cephalopods use for communication and display?
Colour
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What does the deep water squid hold a record for?
The greatest known penis length relative to body size 2nd to barnacles
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Why do the eggs of a cuttlefish appear brown/black?
Because ink from the ink sac is used to colour the membrane and camouflage the eggs
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What characteristics of Cephalopods show intelligence?
Navigational abilities, spatial learning, predatory techniques and dexterity e.g. tool use
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How many eyes do cephalopods have?
2
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What do the eyes of cephalopods consist of?
Retina, pupil, iris and lens
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What do cephalopod eyes not have?
Ability to see colour, blind spots , rods and cones
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How many pigments and cell types do the Eyes of Cephalopods have?
1 pigment and 1 cell type
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What pigment do cephalopod eyes have?
Rhodopsin
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What cell type do cephalopod eyes have?
Rhabdomere
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What are cephalopod eyes sensitive to?
Polarised light
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What do cephalopods have in their skin?
Chromatophores
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What are chromatophores controlled by?
Nerve cells, causing instantaneous change
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What are chromatophores?
Sacs of pigment surrounded by muscles
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When is and when isn't pigment visible?
Contracted muscle= pigment visible. Relaxed muscle= pigment not visible
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How many types of pigment cells are in the skin of Cephalopods?
3
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What are the 3 pigment cells present in the skin of Cephalopods called?
Iridophores, Leucophores and Photophores
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What skin pigments cause white spots?
Leucophores
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Which skin pigments are responsible for Bioluminescence?
Photophores
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What controls cephalopod skin texture?
9 sets of independently controlled papillae
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many subclasses of Cephalopod are there?

Back

2

Card 3

Front

What are the 2 subclasses of Cephalopod?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Which class off Cephalopod is the only one with a shell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the Nautilius shell formed from?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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