The main part of a cell where the nucleus sits. It also contains mitochondria.
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Nucleus
Houses the genetic material for that particular neuron.
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Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration where energy is released from glucose.
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Dendrites
Branches at the top end of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons.
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Axon
A long branch from the cell body that passes electrical impulses down to the end of the neuron to allow it to communicate with others.
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Axon hillock
The area that connects the cell body to the axon.
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Myelin Sheath
The fatty deposit that provides electrical insulation for an axon and allows electrical nerve impulses to be passed along.
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Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in-between adjacent myelin sheaths.
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Axon terminals
The end of the axon that leads to the terminal buttons.
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Terminal buttons
The very end of a neuron where the nerve impulse becomes a chemical message that can be passed to the dendrite of another neuron.
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Vesicles
Tiny sacs that contain molecules of neurotransmitter chemicals.
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Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that pass messages between neurons.
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Resting membrane potential
The difference in electrical potential (meaning how ready the neuron is for action) on each side of the cell membrane while the cell is at rest.
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Excitatory postsynaptic potential
The temporary depolarisation of a neuron as a result of positively charged ions flowing into a cell that make it more likely to fire an action potential.
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Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
Changes in the polarisation of a neuron that make it less likely to fire an action potential.
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Action potential
The electrical trigger that passes along the axon and stimulates the neuron to activate and release neurotransmitters as a result of synaptic transmission.
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Synaptic gap
The tiny space between the dendrite of one neuron and the terminal button of another where chemical messages can be passed
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Presynaptic neuron
The neuron where a chemical message starts from
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Postsynaptic neuron
The neuron where a chemical message travels to.
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Receptors
Sites on the dendrites that are designed to bond to and absorb a specific type of neurotransmitter molecule.
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Reuptake
The process by which unused neurotransmitter molecules are absorbed back into the presynaptic neuron and destroyed by enzymes.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Cell body
Back
The main part of a cell where the nucleus sits. It also contains mitochondria.
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