Cells and organelles- cell signaling, protein phosphorylation, kinases and phosphatases

?
  • Created by: jessica
  • Created on: 03-04-13 09:16
How is the intracellular signaling pathways activated?
Binding of the signal molecule will activate the receptor . leads to the activation of enzymes, generating a response in the cell.
1 of 15
What are the ways to change the conformation of an enzyme?
change in pH, change in reduction/oxidation, addition and removal of phosphate
2 of 15
What is phosphorylation used for?
the coordinated control of metabolic pathways to avoid futile cycles.
3 of 15
What enzyme carries out phosphorylation?
protein kinases
4 of 15
What enzyme carries out dephosphorylation?
protein phosphatases
5 of 15
Where does phosphorylation take place?
only takes place on serine, threonine and tyrosine. This uses serine/threonine kinases and tyrosine kinases.
6 of 15
Are kinases specific to one substrate?
Kinases can be specific for one substrate, others can phosphorylate many proteins, depending on the amino acid sequence.
7 of 15
Describe protein kinase A
activated by cAMP. exists in the inactive tetrameric state, dissociating upon the activation, releasing two catalytic subunits.two types of PKA, PKA1 and PKA2. sequence is either Arg-Arg-X-Ser-X or Arg-Arg-X-Thr-X.
8 of 15
What does protein kinase A control?
many processes and has effects in gene transcription.
9 of 15
Describe protein kinase C
Is one of the largest kinase families.There are three sub groups, Classical, novel and atypical.
10 of 15
Describe classical protein kinase C
the isoforms are alpha, beta 1, beta 2 and gamma. They require negatively charged phospholipids and calcium for optimal activity.
11 of 15
Describe novel protein kinase C
require negatively charged phospholipids and diacylglycerol but no calcium for optimal activity.
12 of 15
Describe atypical protein kinase C
only require negatively charged phospholipids but neither calcium or diacylglycerol for optimal activity.
13 of 15
What are the two types of tyrosine kinase?
receptor and cytosolic
14 of 15
Describe tryosine kinases
They are monomeric before activation, then become dimers, phosphorylating between each other.The binding domains dictate which pathway they are involved in.
15 of 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the ways to change the conformation of an enzyme?

Back

change in pH, change in reduction/oxidation, addition and removal of phosphate

Card 3

Front

What is phosphorylation used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What enzyme carries out phosphorylation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What enzyme carries out dephosphorylation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar All resources:

See all All resources »