Cells

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Cells Intro (4)
Living things are made of cells, 1 celled organisms are unicellular, 2 or more celled organisms are multicellular, all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic.
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Microscopes (4)
2 types, light microscope and electron microscope, microscopes refract energy that has passed though an object, light microscopes refract light and can see individual cells but not structural detail.
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Nucleus (5)
Found in plant and animal cells. surrounded by nuclear envelope which allows exchange of substances, chromatin (coils of DNA bound to proteins), nucleoplasm, nucleolus which produces rRNA
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (4)
Complex network of cisternae, may have vesicles tubules sacs and layers, rough covered with ribosomes and temporarily stores and transports proteins, smooth synthesises lipids
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Ribosomes (5)
Small dense granules, consists of 2 sub units, sub units come together in presence of mRNA, ribosome moves along the mRNA during translation, free ribosomes produce proteins for cytoplasm use but ribosomes on rough ER produce proteins for outside.
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Centrioles (6)
Small and hollow, found in animal and lower plant cells, occur in pairs at right angles, found in centrosome in cytoplasm, made up of 9 groups of microtubles in triplets, play a part in cell division and spindle formation.
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Golgi1 (4)
Found in almost all eukaryotic cells, stack of flattened membrane bound sac called cysternae, at one end proximal face forms new cisternae, at other end distal face breaks cisternae back into vesicles.
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Golgi2 (4)
Whole stack consists of cisternae moving progressively up the stack, transports and modifies proteins made by rough ER, adds carbohydrates to form glycoproteins, seals proteins in vesicle which then fuses with membrane and release protein out of cell
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Lysosomes (5)
Vacuole surrounded by membrane, contains digestive enzymes, digests materials made in cells, the enzymes in the lysosome are synthesised on rough ER, involved in phagocytosis autophagy and exocytosis.
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Mitochondria (7)
Found in all eukaryotics, found by sites that need ATP, double membrane, inner membrane folded to form cristae which increase SA, inner memb encloses matrix, inner memb contains stalked particles containing ATP synthersase, 2nd and 3rd phases of AE
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Chloroplasts (6)
Found only in plant cells, sites of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy, have double unit membrane, chlorophyll in grana (light stage), stroma for dark stage (reduction of C02).
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Amyloplasts (3)
The structures that store amylopectin, found in parts of plant that store starch, have a double membrane
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Vacuole (4)
Fluid filled space surrounded by single membrane, filled with cell sap, keeps cell turgid and upright, sometimes used for storage.
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Cell Wall (5)
Non living structure, encloses all plant cells, consists of bundles of cellulose, only a primary layer in young cells which develops to a secondary layer, gives support and mechanical strength.
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Prokaryotic Cells (6)
No true nucleus, some possess flagella for movement, contains energy stores, smaller than eukaryotic cells, cell wall made of peptidoglycans, no membrane bound organelles.
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Cell Organisation (3)
Systems are made of organs, organs are made of tissues, tissues are made of cells
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

2 types, light microscope and electron microscope, microscopes refract energy that has passed though an object, light microscopes refract light and can see individual cells but not structural detail.

Back

Microscopes (4)

Card 3

Front

Found in plant and animal cells. surrounded by nuclear envelope which allows exchange of substances, chromatin (coils of DNA bound to proteins), nucleoplasm, nucleolus which produces rRNA

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Complex network of cisternae, may have vesicles tubules sacs and layers, rough covered with ribosomes and temporarily stores and transports proteins, smooth synthesises lipids

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Small dense granules, consists of 2 sub units, sub units come together in presence of mRNA, ribosome moves along the mRNA during translation, free ribosomes produce proteins for cytoplasm use but ribosomes on rough ER produce proteins for outside.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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