Where do most chemical reactions take place (in a cell)?
The Cytoplasm
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What does the nucleus do?
It contains genetic information and controls what the cell does.
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Where does respiration take place?
In the mitochondria, providing energy for living processes.
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What is the genetic code?
A set of genetic instructions that controls cell activity and sometimes controls the whole organism.
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How is the genetic code carried?
By genes on chromosomes, called DNA.
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What is a DNA molecule made up of?
Two strands coiled around each other - a double helix (spiral). They are made up of four bases which are paired together to form the cross-links.
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What are the four bases in DNA? And which ones pair up to which?
A, C, G, T. A & T. C & G.
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What are the four functions some proteins are specialised for?
Collagen - an important structural protein (connective tissue). Insulin - hormone that controls blood sugar levels. Haemoglobin - carrier protein, binds with oxygen. Enzymes - controls chemical reactions in the body.
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What are enzymes?
They act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions, including those that take place in living cells (e.g. respiration, photosynthesis). Enzymes are highly specific; each one will only speed up a particular reaction.
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What affects the rate of reaction catalysed by an enzyme?
Changing temperature and pH.
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What is the lock and key mechanism?
Each enzyme has a different number and sequence of amino acid, it has a a active site that only a specific reactant can fit into.
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What is aerobic respiration?
Takes place inside the cells, oxygen and glucose molecules react and the glucose molecules are broken down to release energy.
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What is the equation of aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
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What is anerobic respiration?
Takes place in the absence of oxygen, it quickly releases small amounts of energy through the incomplete breakdown of glucose.
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What is the equation of anerobic respiration?
glucose -> lactic acid
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What is mitosis?
The process by which a diploid cell divides to produce two more diploid cells. Producing for: growth, repairing, replacing old cells, asexual reproduction.
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What is meiosis?
A type of cell division that occurs in the testes and ovaries. The cells in the organs divide to produce gametes (eggs/sperm) for sexual reproduction.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the nucleus do?
Back
It contains genetic information and controls what the cell does.
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