Mitosis and stem cells

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Describe the cell cycle.
In the cell cycle a diploid cell replicates the chromosomes within the cell. This phase is called interphase. Then the cell splits to form two daughter cells, which are both identical to the parent cell. This phase is called mitosis.
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Describe the different stages of mitosis.
Prophase:nucleus breaks down,spindle fibres appear Metaphase:chromosomes lined up on spindle fibre Anaphase:chromosome copies separated to either fibre Telophase:membrane around chromosome-form nuclei Cytokinesis:Cell surface membrane separate 2 cell
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What extra process do plants have that animals don't?
At the end plant cell form cell walls.
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Describe the importance of mitosis in growth and repair.
In multi-cellular organisms, the processes of growth and repair require new cells. Constant cell division ensures that cells never become too large.
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Describe the importance of mitosis in asexual reproduction.
This produces an exact duplication of the set of chromosomes. It also makes sure that these chromosomes are separated into two equal sets. Mitosis helps form 2 cells identical to the first.
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What does dividing a cell by mitosis produce?
It produces two identical daughter cells, that both have identical sets of chromosomes in the nucleus to the parent cell. This results in the formation of 2 genetically identical diploid body cells.
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How do cancer cells occur?
Changes in cells can sometimes turn them into cancer cells. This means that they undergo uncontrollable cell division;this rapid cell division can cause lumps of cells called tumours that cause harm to the body and can result in death.
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Describe growth in animals including cell division and differentiation.
Growth in animals happens by cell division and generally happens in tissue. The number of cells keeps increasing. most cells lose the ability to differentiate at a young age. At a young age, new cells change in different ways to become specialised.
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Describe growth in plants including cell division, elongation and differentiation.
A group of cells near the end of each shoot and root allows plants to continue growing throughout their lives. The cells in meristems divide rapidly by mitosis. Many of the cells produced then elongate and differentiate into specialised cells.
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Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells.
It is important because the cells that become specialised all have a specific function to carry out that help the body stay alive.
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What are percentile charts used for?
They ae used to measure a human babies growth and development throughout their lives. A babies growth is compared with other babies of the same age to show how well they are growing.
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Describe the functions of embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic cells are cells that can produce any type of specialised cell. As they continue to divide the, the embryo starts to develop organs. The cells in these areas are limited to what they can do. This can only occur in the early-stage embryo
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Describe the functions of stem cells in animals.
Stem cells are unspecified cells that can continue to divide through mitosis and other cells that can differentiate into specialised cells.
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Describe the function of meristems in plants
Meristems are able to produce any kind of specialised cell throughout the entire life of the plant.
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Discuss the benefits of using stem cells in medicine.
Can help cure diseases caused by damaged cells. New drugs and medicines could be tested without the use of animals and humans.
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Discuss the risks of using stem cells in medicine.
A body could reject the cells that are being injected.The stem cells could continue to divide which could cause cancer.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the different stages of mitosis.

Back

Prophase:nucleus breaks down,spindle fibres appear Metaphase:chromosomes lined up on spindle fibre Anaphase:chromosome copies separated to either fibre Telophase:membrane around chromosome-form nuclei Cytokinesis:Cell surface membrane separate 2 cell

Card 3

Front

What extra process do plants have that animals don't?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the importance of mitosis in growth and repair.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the importance of mitosis in asexual reproduction.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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