Cells

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What type of cells are animal and plant cells?
Eukaryotes
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Example of prokaryotic cell
Bacterial cell
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Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Prokaryotes have genetic material enclosed in nucleus whereas prokaryotes have plasmids and single strand of DNA. Also Prokaryotes are smaller and single-celled
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What features in a plant cell and not an animal cell?
Cell wall (made of cellulose which strengthens cell), chloroplasts (containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis) and permanent vacuoles (filled with cell sap)
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Difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes
Light microscope see individual cell and maybe nuclei through light whereas electron microscopes can see smaller subcellular structures like plasmids and ribosomes through electrons. Electron microscopes have a higher magnification
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Define magnification
The enlargement of the appearance of an object
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Define resolution
The shortest distance between two separate points that can be seen clearly separately
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How do you work out how much an object has been magnified?
Magnification= image size divided by real size
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How do you work out the size of an image?
Image size= magnification x real size
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How do you convert micrometres to millimetres
DIvide by 1000
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Two points on how to look at onion cel through a microscope
Use iodine solution to stain cell. Make sure you get the least amount of bubbles between the two slides as the air bubbles can obstruct your view.
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How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
Strong tail to help swim. Lots of mitochondria to transfer lots of energy for swimming through respiration.
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How is a nerve cell adapted for its function?
Long axon for quicker transferring of electrical signals. Branched connections for easier sending signals
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How is a muscle cell adapted to its function?
Long and lots of mitochondria to provide energy for contraction
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How is a root cell adapted to its function?
Large surface area to increase rate of osmosis
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What are undifferentiated cells aka
Stem cells
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Where are stem cells found?
In bone marrow or from embyros
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Why are stem cells important?
They can be used to create clones for transplants or to create a disease resistant plant for farmers (from the meristem) or to create insulin producing cells for diabetic people
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Why are people against stem cell research?
It could be destroying a potential life. Or its playing God
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What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from and area of high concentration to an area of low conecntration
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area to high concentration to an area of low concentration
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What is active transport?
Active transports is the net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy
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How are the lungs adapted for gas exchange?
Moist lining, thin walls (one cell thick) and alveoli have large surface area
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How are leaves adapted for gas exchange?
Flat leaf shape means increased surface area and air spaces increase surface area
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What increases surface area in fish?
Lamellae
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Which structure in fish absorbs oxygen?
Gills
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WHat would happen to a red blood cell if it was put into pure water?
It would swell and may burst
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
To transfer energy to the cell through aerobic respiration
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What feature of the cell allows it to become turgid?
Elastic cell wall
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Example of prokaryotic cell

Back

Bacterial cell

Card 3

Front

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What features in a plant cell and not an animal cell?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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