the detailed structure of the internal components of cells as revealed by electron microscope.
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chromosomes
a linear DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins found in the nucleus; visible at prophase of cell division.
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vesicles
a membrane bound sac found in cells and used to transport materials around the cell.
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endoplasmic reticulum
a series of membrane-bound flattened sacs extending from the outer nuclear envelope through the cytoplasm.
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
a series of membrane-bound flattened sacs; ribosomes are attached to the outer surface; involved in the synthesis of proteins.
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
a series of membrane-bound flattened sacs, no ribosomes attached; involved with lipid metabolism or membrane formation.
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Golgi apparatus
membrane-bound organelle of eukaryote cells; modifies proteins made at RER into glycoproteins, packages proteins for secretion outside the cell, makes lysosomes, in plant cells secretes carbohydrates to make cell walls.
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
molecules used to store energy temporarily in organisms; it is broken down to form ADP and phosphate to release energy to drive metabolic processes.
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division of labour
any system where different parts perform specialised functions, each contributing to the functioning of the whole.
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nanometre
one thousandth of a micrometre.
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micrometre
one millionth of a metre; it is the standard unit for measuring cell dimensions.
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nucleolus
a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase, it produce ribosomal RNA and sub units.
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plasma membrane
the cell's outer membrane made up of a two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins; it separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and it regulates what enters and exists the cell (also called the cell surface membrane).
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histone
proteins that DNA tightly coils around to form chromosomes.
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chromatin
a complex of nucleic acids (e.g. DNA or RNA) and proteins (histones), which condenses to form a chromosome during cell division.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a linear DNA molecule wrapped around histone proteins found in the nucleus; visible at prophase of cell division.
Back
chromosomes
Card 3
Front
a membrane bound sac found in cells and used to transport materials around the cell.
Back
Card 4
Front
a series of membrane-bound flattened sacs extending from the outer nuclear envelope through the cytoplasm.
Back
Card 5
Front
a series of membrane-bound flattened sacs; ribosomes are attached to the outer surface; involved in the synthesis of proteins.
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