Cells
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- Created by: cwolfe09
- Created on: 02-05-16 11:38
Define Magnification
how much larger the image is than the sample you are looking at.
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Define Resolution
how well a microscope distinguishes between 2 points that are close together.
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what is the resolution and magnification of a light microscope?
resolution = 200nm, magnification = *1500
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what is the resolution and magnification of a TEM?
resolution = 0.1nm, magnification = *500,000
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what is the resolution and magnification of a SEM?
resolution = 0.1nm, magnification = *100,000
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what is Sectioning?
specimens are embedded in wax, and thin sections are cut without distorting the structure of the specimen
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what is the relationship between actual size, magnification and image size?
actual size = image size/magnification
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Eukaryotes are about 100-1000um in diameter
no - they are 10-100um
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what is true about eukaryotes?
DNA is linear and a nucleus is present
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define division of labour?
each type of organelle has a specific role within the cell
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Define cytoskeleton?
the network of protein fibres found within cells that gives structure and shape to the cell, and also moves organelles around inside cells
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what are vesicles?
membrane-bound sacs found in cells, that are used to carry many different substances around cells.
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what is the role of the nucleus?
it houses genetic information and the instruction for making proteins
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what is the difference between the RER and the SER?
RER transports proteins that were made on the attached ribosomes, and the SER is involved in the production of lipids
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The golgi apparatus modifies and then packages proteins into vesicles?
true
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The mitochondria is the site of
ATP production during respiration
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what is the structure of the mitochondria like?
they have two membranes separated by a fluid-filled space. The inner membrane is highly folded to form cristae, and the central part is called the matrix.
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what is the role of lysosomes?
they contain digestive enzymes, which break down materials
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what is the role of cholesterol in a plasma membrane?
Gives the membrane mechanical stability, so substances like water molecules and ions cannot easily pass through
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where does the fluid mosaic model gets it's name from?
it is fluid, because the phospholipids are constantly moving, and is like a mosaic, because of the protein and cholesterol molecules scattered throughout the bilayer.
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what is cell signalling?
the communication between cells using a hormone and a complementary receptor site that will bring about a change in other cells
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Diffusion is the movement of molecules against it's concentration gradient, using energy in the form of ATP, and transport proteins
False - the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration.
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Define Active Transport
the movement of molecules against it's concentration gradient, using energy in the form of ATP, and transport proteins
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Define Osmosis
the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential, to a region of lower water potential, across a partially permeable membrane
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Define endocytosis
the process of taking materials into a cell by surrounding them with part of the plasma membrane, which then pinches off to form a vesicle inside the cell.
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Define exocytosis
the process of removing materials from the cell by fusing vesicles containing the material with the plasma membrane
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what is a hypotonic solution?
solution with a higher water potential than the cell
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what do you call a solution with a lower water potential than the cell?
Hypertonic solution
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what is the effect of a hypotonic solution on an animal cell?
net movement of water molecules is into the cell, causing it to burst.
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what is the effect of a hypotonic solution on a plant cell?
net movement of water is into the cell, causing the cell to become turgid
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what is the effect of a isotonic solution on a plant and animal cell?
water molecules move into and out of the cell in equal amounts, resulting in no changes to the cell.
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what is the effect of a hypertonic solution on an animal cell?
net movement of water is out of the cell, causing it to shrink
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what is the effect of a hypertonic solution on a plant cell?
net movement of water is out of the cell, causing it to become flaccid, and the cytoplasm to pull away from the cell wall, so that it is plasmolysed
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Define mitosis
nuclear division that results in the formation of cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell
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Define meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
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what is the correct order of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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what happens in Interphase?
The cells DNA is unravelled and replicated to double its genetic content. the organelles are also replicated.
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what happens in prophase?
the chromosomes condense, getting shorter and fatter, and the centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
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What happens in Metaphase?
The chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell and become attached to the spindle by their centromere.
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In what process, do the chromatids uncoil and become chromosomes, and a new nuclear envelope form around each group of chromosomes, forming 2 new nuclei.
Telophase
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what is Cytokinesis?
the splitting of the cytoplasm, leaving 2 identical cells
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define differentiation
the development and changes seen in cells as they mature to become specialised cells
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define Resolution
Back
how well a microscope distinguishes between 2 points that are close together.
Card 3
Front
what is the resolution and magnification of a light microscope?
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the resolution and magnification of a TEM?
Back
Card 5
Front
what is the resolution and magnification of a SEM?
Back
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