Cell Structure and Functions

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Function of the Nucelus?
Control centre, production of mRNA (protein synthesis), retain DNA, manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
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Describe nuclear envelope's structure and function
Double membrane, outer continuous with ER. Controls entry and exit or materials, contains reactions
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What is the function of nuclear pores?
Entry and exit of large molecules e.g mRNA
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What is Chromatin?
Diffuse form of chromosomes when cell is not dividing, found in nucleoplasm
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What is the nucleolus?
Small body, manufactures ribosomal RNA, assembles ribosomes
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What is the structure of mitochronria?
Rod shaped, double membrane; out controls entry and exit, inner forms cristae
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Function of Cristae?
Provides large surface area for attatchment of enzymes in respiration
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Function of Matrix?
Semi rigid material, contains protein, lips and DNA- allows control of production of own proteins, contains enzymes
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Function of Mitochrondria?
Site of respiration ie Krebs cycle, production of ATP
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Function of rough ER?
has ribosomes- Provides large surface area for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins, pathway for transport of materials eg proteins
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Function of smooth ER?
synthesize, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates
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Describe structure of Golgi apparatus
Stack of cisternae (sacs) and vesicles
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What are the functions of the Golgi?
Add carbohydrates to proteins to form glycoproteins, produce secretory enzymes, secrete carbohydrates, transport, modify and store lipids, form lysosomes, transports modified lipids and proteins in vesicles- fuse with membrane, release contents
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How are lysosomes formed?
Vesicles produced by Golgi containing enzymes eg proteases and lipases
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Function of lysosomes?
break down material ingested by phagocytic cells, release enzymes outside (exocytosis) to destroy material, digest worn out organelles so useful chemicals re-used, autolysis (break down dead cells)
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Ribosomes are small cytoplasmic granules. What are the two types of ribosomes and where are they found?
80S type, found in eukaryotic cells, 25nm diameter, 70S type, in prokaryotic cells, smaller
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Function of ribosomes?
They contain ribsomal RNA and proteins in two sub units. Therefore important in protein synthesis
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe nuclear envelope's structure and function

Back

Double membrane, outer continuous with ER. Controls entry and exit or materials, contains reactions

Card 3

Front

What is the function of nuclear pores?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Chromatin?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the nucleolus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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