Cell structure and function

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  • Created by: rachel
  • Created on: 10-02-13 16:43
What is a cell ultrastructure?
The fine structure of cells that is visible with an electron microscope.
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Give an example of organelles made from membranes.
chloroplasts / mitochondria
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What forms the cytoskeleton?
fibrous structures composed of protein
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What to the fibrous structures that form the cytoskeleton made of?
microfilaments (made from protein actin) microtubules (made from tubulin)
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What are cila, undulipodia and centrioles composed of?
Microtubules
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What are ribosomes made of?
Protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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Why are animal and plant cells eukaryotic?
Because they have a nucleus and organelles.
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What are the features and functions of the RER?
Features: Flat sacks of membrane enclosing fluid-filled space; outer surface is covered in ribosomes. Function: Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis; RER transports proteins to Golgi apparatus.
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What are the features and functions of the SER?
Features: Flat sacks of membrane enclosing fluid-filled space. Function: makes triglycerides (fats), phospholipids and cholesterol.
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What are the features and functions of the Golgi apparatus?
Features: Pile of flat sacks with vesicles forming around the edge. Function: Modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates; packages proteins and makes lysosomes.
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What are the features and functions of the mitochondria?
Features: formed of two membranes surrounding a fluid filled matrix; inner membrane is highly folded to give large surface area for enzymes of respiration. Function: site of aerobic respiration.
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What are the features and functions of the Ribosomes?
Features: Attached to RER or free in cytoplasm - made of protein & RNA. Function: Assemble amino acids to make proteins.
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What are the features and functions of lysosomes?
features: Single membrane surrounds fluid, filled with enzymes. Function: contains enzymes for destroying worn out parts of cell & for digesting food particles.
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What are the features and functions of the chloroplasts?
Features: Many internal membranes, giving large surface area for chlorophyl, other pigments and enzymes of photosynthesis. Function: Site of all the reactions of photosynthesis.
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What are the features and functions of the Plasma membrane (cell surface membrane)?
Features: Many Functions: Controls entry and exit of materials; retains cell contents.
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What are the features and functions of the nuclear envelope?
Features: Structure like that of ER, with ribosomes on outer surface; pores to allow substances to pass between cytoplasm and nucleus. Function: separates nucleus from cytoplasm.
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What are the features and functions of the nucleus?
Features: Clearly visible in LM & EM when stained. Function: Contains genetic information as DNA in chromosomes.
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What are the features and functions of the nucleolus?
Features: Dark staining area in nucleus. Functions: Produces ribosomes.
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What are the features and functions of the MIcrofilaments?
Features: Made of actin - a type of protein. Functions: Provide mechanical support for cells; part of cytoskeleton.
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What are the features and functions of the Microtubules?
Features: Made of tubulin - protein formed into hollow tubes. Functions: Part of cytoskeleton, provides pathways in cells to enable vesicles and organ. to move in cytoplasm, forms cilia, undulipodia & centrioles, forms spindle to move chromo - anapha
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What are the features and functions of cilia?
Features: Extend from cell surface, made of microtubules arranged in 9+2 arrangement in shaft, no central microtubules in base; extend from cell surface; surrounded by plasma membrane. Function: Found in large groups, move fluid/mucus/eggs past cells
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What are the features and functions of undulipodia?
Features: Same as cilia! (see cilia) Functions: Found singly to move individual cells e.g. sperm
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What are the features and functions of centrioles?
Features: Made of microtubules in same arrangement as in base of cilia, not found in flowering plants. Function: Assemble the spindle to move chromosomes when nuclei divide in animal cells.
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What are photographs taken in a light microscope known as?
Photomicrographs (PMs)
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What are photographs taken in electron micrographs knows as?
Electron micrographs (EMs)
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Organelles that from the cytoskeleton are made of what?
Fibres.
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Oragnelles are ___ - _______ structures that perform specific functions for a cell.
sub-cellular
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Which organelles function together to produce and export proteins?
Nucleus, ribosomes, RER, Golgi apparatus & cell membrane.
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What does the Cytoskeleton do?
Gives mechanical stability to cells, moves organelles around cell & brings about the movement of whole cell.
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What do eukaryotic cells have lots of, which prokaryotes don't?
different types of membraneous and fibrous sub-cellular structures.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give an example of organelles made from membranes.

Back

chloroplasts / mitochondria

Card 3

Front

What forms the cytoskeleton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What to the fibrous structures that form the cytoskeleton made of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are cila, undulipodia and centrioles composed of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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