Cell Cycle

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  • Created by: Sopha8
  • Created on: 27-05-14 14:02
Define differentation
the process of cells becoming specialised to carry out a function
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Decribe cell organisation
tissues- groups of similar cells-> organs-groups of different tissues that work together to perform a paticular function-> organ system-organs work together to form organ system which carries out paticular function
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What are the stages of DNA replication?
1. DNA helicase breaks hydrgoen bonds between 2 polynucleotide strands, 2. free nucleotides join to exposed bases on original strands, specific base pairing, 3. DNA polymerase joins new nucleotides by hydrogen bonds
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Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?
half new DNA, half from original strand
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What happens during interphase? what are the 3 stages?
growth and replication, 1.G1-cell grows, new organelles made, 2. synthesis-unravel and replicate, double genetic content, 3.G2-proteins for division made
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What are the stages of mitosis?
1.p-chromosomes condense, centrioles to oppsite ends, nuclear envelope breaks down , 2.m-chromosomes line on equator, spindles to centromeres 3.a-centromeres divide, chromatids to opposite ends 4.t-uncoil, nuclear envelope forms, cytoplasm divides
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What is the purpose of mitosis?
growth and repair
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How does cancer form?
mutation in gene which controlls cell division, so uncontrolled and cells divide to form tumours, some malignant, invade surronding tissue
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Describe 2 treatments for cancer and how they work?
disrupt cell cycle 1. during G1-prevent synthesis of enzymes for replication, 2. during s phase-radiation/chemotheraphy, damages DNA, when checked in s phase sees damage and forced to kill itself, prevent further growth
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Why must cancer treatments be given in smaller doeses but repeatedly?
dont distinguish between cancer cells and normal (although cancer cells divide more frequently so most likely to be killed), breaks to allow body to recover and produce new cells, not long enough that tumor grows back to same size
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Decribe cell organisation

Back

tissues- groups of similar cells-> organs-groups of different tissues that work together to perform a paticular function-> organ system-organs work together to form organ system which carries out paticular function

Card 3

Front

What are the stages of DNA replication?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is DNA replication semi-conservative?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens during interphase? what are the 3 stages?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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