Cell Ultrastructure

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  • Created by: charley
  • Created on: 13-08-18 14:20
Endosymbiotic Theory
Theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts are prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic Cells
Cells that have membrane bound organelles. DNA is in chromosomes within the nucleus.
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Prokaryotic Cells
A single celled organism lacking membrane bound organelles
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Tissue
A group of cells with the same structure and function working together
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Organs
A group of tissues in a structural unit working together to perform a specific function
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Organ system
A group of organs working together with a particular function
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Organism
All the systems in the body working together, making an organism
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Base membrane
Made of collagen and protein. Epithelia sit on them.
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Cuboidal Epithelium
Cube shaped cells. Tissue is one cell thick.
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Columnar Epithelium
Elongated cells, may be ciliated.
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Squamous Epithelium
Flattened cells.
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Skeletal muscle
Voluntary. Attached to bones. Long bands of muscle. They tire.
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Cardiac muscle
Involuntary. Never tires. Contracts rhythmically. Myogenic.
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Smooth muscle
Involuntary. Contracts rhythmically. Spindle shaped.
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Cell Wall
Made of cellulose which provides strength. Permeable.
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Plasmodesmata
Strands of cytoplasm between cells, allowing communication
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Vacuole
Bound by the tonoplast. Supports soft plant tissue and contains cell sap.
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Centrioles
Two rings of microtubules forming hollow cylinders
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Lysosomes
Temporary vacuoles containing digestive enzymes
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Golgi body
Produces secretory enzymes, glycoproteins and lysosomes. Secretes carbohydrates. Transports and stores lipids. Packages and modifies proteins.
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Ribosomes
Made of rRNA and protein. Are the site of translation in protein synthesis
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Rough ER
Has ribosomes on the surface and transports the proteins made there
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Smooth ER
Is associated with the synthesis and transport of lipids
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Chloroplasts
Double membraned. Contains ribosomes and DNA.
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Thylakoids
Flattened sacs which stack to form granum within the chloroplast. Contains chlorophyll
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Mitochondria
Double membraned. Inner membrane folds to form cristae. Contains ribosomes and DNA. Produces ATP
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Nucleus
Bound by the nuclear envelope. Has pores to allow passage of mRNA and ribosomes
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Nucleoplasm
Contains chromatin
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Nucleolus
Site of formation of rRNA and ribosomes
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Cells that have membrane bound organelles. DNA is in chromosomes within the nucleus.

Back

Eukaryotic Cells

Card 3

Front

A single celled organism lacking membrane bound organelles

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

A group of cells with the same structure and function working together

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A group of tissues in a structural unit working together to perform a specific function

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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