Skeletal muscle (muscle fibres enclosed inside membrane with 100s of nuclei), giant algae and aseptate fungi (long undivided sections of thread like hypha containing many nuclei)
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Why is SA:V ratio important?
If SA:V ratio is too small (cell is too large) then movement of essential materials and waste products may be too slow .
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Differentiation
Different groups of cells become specialised for different functions - allows for division of labour. Also if large organisms are multicellular then then the cells can have a large SA:V ratio.
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Differentiation
Expressio of some genes and not others in a cells genome (organisms entire set of genes)
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Emergent properties
Arise from interaction of the component parts of a complex structure (multicellular organism)
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'committed'
Once a pathway of development has begun in a cell, its fixed and the cell cannot begin in a different pathway.
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Stem cells
Cells that have the capacity to divide and to differentiate along different pathways
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