Cell Structure (Definitions and Functions) 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyCellular processesCellular processes and structureHuman, animal and plant physiologyA2/A-levelAQA Created by: theawkwardgrapeCreated on: 29-12-16 11:29 Eukaryote Cells which contain membrane bound organelles. 1 of 26 Prokaryote Single-celled organisms which do not contain membrane bound organelles. 2 of 26 Organelle A part of a cell with a specific function. 3 of 26 What organelles do eukaryotes contain? (e.g. animal cells and plants cells) Nucleus, mitochondira, golgi apparatus/golgi body, SER, RER, ribosomes 4 of 26 What organelles do prokaryotes contain? (e.g. bacterial cells) Plasmid DNA, ribosomes and sometimes flagella. 5 of 26 Cell-surface membrane (plasma membrane) 1) Regulates movement of substances in and out of cells. 2) Contains receptor molecules, allowing to respond to hormones. 6 of 26 Nucleus 1) Control's cell activities. 2) Contains DNA which codes for proteins. 7 of 26 Mitochondira 1) Site of anaerobic respiration - to release energy. 2) Produces ATP. 8 of 26 Chloroplast 1) Site of photosynthesis. 2) Produces glucose. 9 of 26 Golgi Apparatus/Golgi Body 1) Modifies and packages proteins. 2) Produces vesicles and lysosomes. 10 of 26 Vesicle (Golgi Vesicle) 1) Stores lipids and proteins. 2) Transports the lipids and proteins out of the cell. 11 of 26 Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes - to digest invading cells/ to break down worn out components. 12 of 26 Ribosome Site of protein synthesis - by joining amino acids together. 13 of 26 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) 1) Processes proteins made by ribosomes. 2) Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus/golgi body. 14 of 26 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) 1) Produces fats. 2) Transports fats around the cell. 15 of 26 Cell Wall 1) Surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi. 2) Supports and prevents the cell from losing its shape. 16 of 26 Cell Vacuole (in plants) 1) Helps maintain pressure in the cell. 2) Isolation of unwanted chemicals in the cell. 17 of 26 Tissue A group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function. 18 of 26 Organ A group of tissues that work together to perform a particular function. 19 of 26 Organ system A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function. 20 of 26 What is the magnification calculation? magnification = observed size/actual size (m=o/a) 21 of 26 Magnification How much bigger the image is than the specimen. 22 of 26 Resolution How well a microscope distinguished between two points. 23 of 26 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Beams electrons THROUGH a specimen. (High resolution so internal structures can be seen, 2D image produced) 24 of 26 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Beams electrons on the SURFACE of a specimen. (Lower resolution, 3D image produced) 25 of 26 Cell Fractionation Used to separate organelles according to their mass. (Homogenisation, filtration and ultracentrifugation. 26 of 26
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