Cell Specialisation in Animals

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Explain Cell Differentiation in Embryos
Cell differentiation happens during an organism’s development. Organisms start as one cell. These cells divide to form embryos that differentiate (specialise) to produce cells that can perform all of the body's functions.
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Explain Cell Differentiation in Plants
Many plant cells keep their ability to differentiate throughout their life. Because of this, plants are always able to create new tissues (matter that animals and plants are made from).
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Explain Cell Differentiation in Animals
Cell differentiation is rare in mature (adult) animals. Their cells mostly divide (one cell splits to create two cells) in order to replace cells and repair tissues. New tissues are rarely created
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What is Cell Differentiation?
Cell differentiation is a process where a cell gains new sub-cellular structures (structures inside a cell) in order to perform a specific function. When this happens the cell becomes 'specialised'.
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How are Sperm Cells Specialised?
Sperm cells are specialised to enable them to fertilise egg cells. To do this they need to travel long distances - relative to their size - to reach the egg, then break through to the egg and fertilise it (combine the sperm DNA with the egg DNA).
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Name the different parts and sections of the sperm cell
Middle Section (filled with mitochondria to provide energy) Acrosome (at the tip of the sperms head. makes it able to penetrate the egg) Tail (Used to swim) Head (Contains Nucleus and has the DNA to fertilise the egg)
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What are Nerve Cells specialised for?
Nerve cells are specialised to transmit electrical messages around the body
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How do Dendrites help Nerves Cells role
They are branches of a nerve cell. Several dendrites spread outwards from the cell body to transfer electrical messages (impulses) to other neurons. Gaps between neurones are called synapses.
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How does a myelin sheath help a Nerve Cell adapt to its role?
A sheath made of a material called myelin surrounds the nerve cell. This stops the electrical nerve signals leaking out of the nerve cell. This increases the speed of transmission (travel) of electrical signals.
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How does an Axon help a Nerve Cell adapt to its role?
Part of the cell that electrical signals travel along. Nerve cells have a long axon. This increases the distance that electrical signals can travel.
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How are Muscle Cells Specialised?
They can produce force and motion
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What are the adaptations made by the muscle cell?
Many mitochondria (to generate lots of energy for motion) and Protein Fibres that contract (allows the muscle to move)
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What is an example of Muscle Cells Specialisation
Heart Muscles Contracting
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Card 2

Front

Explain Cell Differentiation in Plants

Back

Many plant cells keep their ability to differentiate throughout their life. Because of this, plants are always able to create new tissues (matter that animals and plants are made from).

Card 3

Front

Explain Cell Differentiation in Animals

Back

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Card 4

Front

What is Cell Differentiation?

Back

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Card 5

Front

How are Sperm Cells Specialised?

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