Model of the structure of biological membranes, in which proteins are studded through a phospholipid bilayer, as in a mosaic. The movement of molecules within a layer of the bilayer is its fluidity.
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Facilitated diffusion
The passive transfer of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient, across a membrane, by protein carriers in the membrane.
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Active transport
The movement of molecules or ions across a membrane up (against) a concentration gradient, using energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.
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Co-transport
A transport mechanism in which facilitated diffusion beings molecules and ions, such as glucose and sodium ions, across the cell membrane together into a cell.
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Osmosis
The net passive diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential.
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Water potential
The tendency for water to move into a system; water moves from a solution with higher water potential (less negative) to one with a lower water potential (more negative). Water potential is decreased by the addition of solute.
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Solute potential
A measure of the osmotic strength of a solution. It is the reduction of water potential due to the presence of solute molecules.
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Turgid
Describes a plant cell that holds as much water as possible. Further entry of water is prevented by the cell wall.
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Pressure potential
The pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell wall.
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Plasmolysis
The retraction of the cytoplasm and the cell membrane from the cell wall as a cell loses water by osmosis.
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Incipient plasmolysis
Cell membrane and cytoplasm are partially detached from the cell wall due to insufficient water to make cell turgid.
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Endocytosis
The active process of the cell membrane engulfing material, bringing it into the cell
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Exocytosis
The active processof a vesicle fucing with the cell membrane, releasing the molecules in contains.
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Phagocytosis
The active process of the cell membrane engufing large particles, bringing them into the cell in a vesicle.
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Pinocytosis
The active process of the cell membrane engulfing droplets of fluid, bringing them into the cell in a vesicle.
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Diffusion
The pasive movement of a molecule or ion down a concentration gradient, from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
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Passive
Not requiring energy provided by the cell.
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Card 2
Front
Facilitated diffusion
Back
The passive transfer of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient, across a membrane, by protein carriers in the membrane.
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