Cell Division

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  • Created by: RGV17
  • Created on: 07-09-16 16:52
What are chromosomes?
Long strands of genetic information found in the nucleus. They come as identical homologous pairs(except sex chromosomes). There are 23 pairs(46 altogether).
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What is mitosis?
It's cell division which takes place during growth or replacement of damaged cells.
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Explain the process of mitosis.
Before the cell division, every chromosome is copied. During this, the two copies of chromosomes move to each side of the cell. The cell then splits in two, creating two new cell with the same number of chromosomes as the original.
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What type of reproduction does mitosis occur in?
Asexual reproduction- new offspring are produced by the division of the parent cells. The offspring receives copies of every chromosome in the parent cell. So they carry the same genes as their one parent, therefore being clones.
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What is meiosis?
The production of gametes in the reproductive organs.
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Where does meiosis occur in the human body?
It occurs in the testes for men and in the ovaries for women.
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What happens during meiosis?
Each new cell only receives one set of chromosomes, so human gametes only contain 23 chromosomes.
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Explain the process of meiosis.
It begins with a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes which are copied. Then, the cell divides twice so at the end there are four cells that contain one set of chromosomes.
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What are the products of meiosis in the human reproductive organs?
In men, the four cells become four sperm. In women, one of the four cells becomes an egg.
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What happens after fertilisation?
The fertilised egg contains two sets of chromosomes and divides by mitosis. Therefore, every body ell of the new individual will have two sets of chromosomes.
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What is a diploid?
A cell that has two sets of chromosomes.
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What is a haploid?
A cell with one set of chromosomes (Gametes).
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Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid in mitosis?
Diploid- they are both genetically identical.
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Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid in meiosis?
Haploid- they are slightly different genetically because they took only half the information.
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How many cell divisions are there in mitosis?
1
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How many cell divisions are there in meiosis?
2
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How many cells are produced in mitosis?
2
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How many cells are produced in meiosis?
4
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How many chromosomes does a cell have in mitosis?
46
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How many chromosomes does a cell have in meiosis?
23
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When is mitosis used?
In growth, repair, replacement or asexual reproduction.
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When is meiosis used?
In the production of gametes.
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Where in the body does mitosis happen in?
In all parts of the body.
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Where in the body does meiosis happen in?
In the reproductive organs(testes and ovaries).
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What happens after fertilisation?
The fertilised cell contains two sets of chromosomes again. The fertilised cell divides by mitosis, so that every body cell of the new individual will have two sets of chromosomes.
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What is the DNA molecule made up of?
It's made up of millions of subunits of four types. The order of the forms a code which is translated into genetic instructions.
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What is a gene?
A small section of DNA- its codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, therefore a particular protein.
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What roles do proteins play in our bodies?
Makes up large structure like nails. Forms the basis for many tissues like the brain.Forms a large part of structures such as mitochondria. They control what enters and leave a cell. Produce the colour of eyes or skin. Controls rate of reactions.
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What is DNA profiling?
An image of their DNA which shows the variation in the genetic code between individuals.
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Card 2

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What is mitosis?

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It's cell division which takes place during growth or replacement of damaged cells.

Card 3

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Explain the process of mitosis.

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Card 4

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What type of reproduction does mitosis occur in?

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Card 5

Front

What is meiosis?

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