What are the advantages of becoming multicellular?
Organisms can become larger and more complex, cells can take on different jobs - this is known as cell differentiation.
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What systems does a multicellular organism need?
It needs systems that allow communication between all cells in the body, supply all cells with enough nutrients and control exchanged with the environment such as heat and gases.
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What is the process where new cells are produced for growth?
Mitosis
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What property do cells that are made by mitosis have?
They are genetically identical.
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Which process must take place before cell division in mitosis?
DNA replication must take place so that each cell produced has two copies of each chromosome.
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What are body cells in mammals which have two copies of each chromosome known as?
Diploid cells.
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Decribe the process of DNA replication.
Two strands of the DNA unzip to form single strands, new strands are formed by complementary base pairing.
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Describe the process of mitosis.
The chromosomes line up along the center of the cell and divide. The divided chromosomes move to polar ends or the cell, pulling it apart.
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What is meiosis?
Meiosis is the process where gametes are produced.
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What are gametes?
Gametes are haploid cells because they only contain one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes.
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How does meiosis produce genetic variation?
It means that the zygote gets one copy of a gene from one parent and another copy of a gene from another parent.
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How is a sperm cell adapted to its function?
It has many mitochondria to provide it with loads of energy for swimming to the egg and an acrosome that releases enzymes to digest the egg membrane.
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Describe the two divisions in meiosis.
1) One chromosome from each pair moves to opposite poles of the cell. 2) The newly formed chromosomes are pulled apart.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What systems does a multicellular organism need?
Back
It needs systems that allow communication between all cells in the body, supply all cells with enough nutrients and control exchanged with the environment such as heat and gases.
Card 3
Front
What is the process where new cells are produced for growth?
Back
Card 4
Front
What property do cells that are made by mitosis have?
Back
Card 5
Front
Which process must take place before cell division in mitosis?
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