Cell Chemistry

?
What is intraceullar fluid?
Fluid inside the cells - about 40%
1 of 68
What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid outside the cells - about 20%
2 of 68
What is interstitial fluid?
Fluid surrounding the cells - 14-15%
3 of 68
What is plasma?
Fluid in blood
4 of 68
What is transcellular fluid?
Other fluid - CSF( fluid that surrounds the spine), joint fluid etc.
5 of 68
Animals that have a higher total of body water?
Neonates, thin animals and males
6 of 68
Animals that have a lower total of body water?
Geriatrics, obese animals and females
7 of 68
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain carbon usually combined with hydrgeon e.g. protein, fast, carbs
8 of 68
What are inorganic compounds?
Compounds that do not contain carbon - e.gm phospate, potassium
9 of 68
True or false are minerals inorganic compounds?
True - found within the body which generally exist in the form of ions
10 of 68
What is an ion?
A charged particle
11 of 68
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion +
12 of 68
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion -
13 of 68
What are electrolytes?
Chemicals which ionize when are dissolved - thus allows currents of electricity to pass through them
14 of 68
True or flase are chlorine and phosphate an anion?
True
15 of 68
Define diffusion
Movement of solute particles (solid) from an area of high concentration to low
16 of 68
Define osmosis
Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane from high concentration to low
17 of 68
Define osmotic pressure
The amount of pressure needed to prevent osmosis from occuring
18 of 68
Osmosis pressure
The tonicity of a solution (the concentration of solute dissolved in a solvent)
19 of 68
Define isotonic solution
When a solution has the same concentration of solutes as plasma - No osmosis, so equal osmotic pressure - cancel out; water stays where it is!
20 of 68
Define hypertonic solution
When a solution has a greater concentration of solutes than plasma - greater osmotic pressure as water wants to move out of RBC
21 of 68
Define hypotonic solution
When a solution has a lower concentration of solutes than plasma - lower osmotic pressure as water wants to move into RBC
22 of 68
True or false is osmosis and diffusion passive?
True - no energy required
23 of 68
Define facilitated diffusion
Movement of solutes from high concentration to low - low conc. gradient is helped by a carrier protein (no energy)
24 of 68
Define active transport
Movement of solutes up a concentration gradient (high conc. requires the use of energy (ATP)
25 of 68
What is an acid?
A substance that gives up hydrogen ions when it is dissolved in water
26 of 68
What is base or alkali?
A substance that can receive hydrogen ions
27 of 68
In the pH scale lower than 7 is what?
Acidic
28 of 68
In the pH scale higher than 7 is what?
Alkaline
29 of 68
In the pH scale 7 is what?
Neutral - either acidic or alkaline
30 of 68
Why do we need pH to remain constant in the body?
For it to function properly
31 of 68
3 ways the body maintains
Respiration, the kidney and buffers
32 of 68
Respiration
Controls the levels of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood
33 of 68
Define respiratory alklalosis
Too much carbon dioxide - when the blood becomes too acidic
34 of 68
The kidney
Excrete hydrogen ions - increases the pH (metabolic alkalosis)
35 of 68
Buffers
Example (bicarbonate) - in the blood to help maintain the pH 7.4
36 of 68
What are buffers?
Substances that can absorb or give up hydrogen ions - therefore keeps the pH solution to its optimum level
37 of 68
Do buffers have an immediate effect?
Yes
38 of 68
Is osmosis passive or active?
Passive
39 of 68
Is diffusion passive or active?
Passive
40 of 68
Is facilitated diffusion active or passive?
Passive
41 of 68
Is active transport active or passive?
Active
42 of 68
What is structure is involved in osmosis?
Semi - permeable membrane
43 of 68
What is the structure that is involved in diffusion?
Smaller molecures
44 of 68
What is the structure that is involved in facilitated diffusion?
Involves a carrier protein
45 of 68
What is structure that is involved in active transport?
Requires energy in the form of ATP
46 of 68
True or false the movement of water is osmosis?
True
47 of 68
What is the movement of liquid or gas molecles?
Diffusion
48 of 68
What is the movement of large molecules through a cell membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
49 of 68
What is the movement of molecules through a cell membrane via specific carrier proteins?
Active transport
50 of 68
What is the concentration gradient of osmosis?
High solution concentration to a low
51 of 68
What is the concentration gradient of diffusion?
High concentration to a low concentration
52 of 68
What is the concentration gradient of facilitated diffusion?
High concentration. to a low concentration
53 of 68
What is the concentration gradient of active transport?
Against a concentration gradient
54 of 68
Example of osmosis in the body
Movement of water into the bloodstream
55 of 68
Example of diffusion in the body
Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide
56 of 68
Example of facilitated diffusion in the body
Movement of glucose into the cells
57 of 68
Example of active transport in the body
Movement of calcium into a cell
58 of 68
Function of cytoplasm jelly
Holds all the organelles
59 of 68
Function of mitochondria
Makes the power for the cell
60 of 68
Function of nucleus
Creates and keeps important DNA
61 of 68
Function of cell membrane
Controls which substances get away
62 of 68
Function of smooth ER
Makes steroids and synthesis fats
63 of 68
Function of rough ER
Makes proteins where ribosomes are sat
64 of 68
Function of golgi apparatus
Flattened protein sacks
65 of 68
Function of lysosomes
Eat waste for breakfast, lunch and snacks
66 of 68
Function of centrioles
During cell division pull chromosomes apart
67 of 68
Function of microtubules
Maintain the cell's firm structure
68 of 68

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is extracellular fluid?

Back

Fluid outside the cells - about 20%

Card 3

Front

What is interstitial fluid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is plasma?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is transcellular fluid?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Other resources:

See all Other resources »See all A&P resources »