Cell Biology and Physiology: Adaptive Immunity

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  • Created by: KayshaN
  • Created on: 07-11-19 22:24
What are the two types of Lymphocytes and where do they develop?
B Lymphcytes in bone marrow, T Lymphocytes in Thymus
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Outline the strutures of the Lymphatic System and their role in the immune system.
Thymus- differentiation of lymphatic stem cells into T cells, Lymph Vessels- transport phagocytes and lymphocytes, Secondary Lymphatic Organs- lymph nodes and spleen, home lymphocytes and macrophages
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How are Non-self cells recognised?
antigens elict response from T and B cells, they bind to atigens via antigen receptors, create specific antibidy (EPITOE)
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What are the two classes of MHC?
Class 1: on all cells inserted into plasma membrane Class 11: Antigen Presenting Cells
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Outline the procedure of Exogenous APCs
phagocyte attracted by chemicals produced by pathogen, recog non self, engulfs pathogen, phagosome and lysososome=phagolysosome, enzymes break down, absorbed, antigens combine MHC, MHC/antigen complex on phago mem
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Outline the procedure of Endogenous APCs
digestion antigen into fragments, synthesis of MHC-1 molecules, fragment binds, packaging of antigen-MHC-1 molecules into vesicle, exocytosis, inserted into plasma membrane
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How do T-Cells Recognise Antigens?
bind to fragments of APC, recognise MHC, T cell with matching specificty will bind
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How do B-Cells Recognise Antigens?
bind to specific antigen: B cell activation, secrete antibody- immunoglobulins
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How is the immune response activation after recognition?
diff receptors detect pathogens, activation- cell proliferation, increase numbers specfic B or T cells. Memory= faster response next time pathogen encountered
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Immune System Memory 1) Activation T-Cells
activated when bind to MHC to TCR, CD4 and CD8 co-receptors secure MHC-TCR interaction, signals interleukins stimulate B cells
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Immune System Memory 1) Activation T- Cells (Clonal Selection)
make copies- proliferate and differentiate, all clones recognise antigen, occurs in secondary lymphatic organs, create effector or memory cells
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What is the difference between effectors and memory cells? Include Examples
Effector= destroy antigen e.g. T-helper cells, Mmeory= prepare next encounter, memory B cells
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Immune System Memory 1) Activation T-Cells (Next Encounter)
T-helper display CD4 , inactive T-helper recognise, MHC-TCR complex, activates, secrete cytokines, stim cell division
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Immune System Memory 1) Activation T-Cells (Current Encounter)
CD8 antigens, cytotoxic T-Cells, recognise antigen binds to MHC1, interleukins, clonal selection
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Immune System Memory 1) Elimination Two Pathways
(a) Cytotoxic T-Cells, release granzymes cause apoptosis released microbes phagocytosed (b) Cytotoxic T-Cells release perforines cause cytolysis, microbes destroyed by granulysm
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Immunological Surveillence
T Cells recog tumour antigens associated with cancerous cells, antigens not usually displayed on normal cells
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Immune System: Role B Cells
Detect and proliferate. Plasma B Cells= Effectors--> secrete antibody IL-4, IL-6 helper and cells encouraged proliferate. Remeber antigen so can react quicker
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What do antibodies do?(5)
neutralise, immobolising, agglutination, activating complement, enhancing phagocytosis
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Types of Antibody: IgG
80% blood lymph, intestines, enhance phago, trigger complement
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Types of Antibody: IgA
10-15% localised protection
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Types of Antibody: IgM
5-10% secreted on encounter antigen, activate complement
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Types of Antibody: IgD
0.2% B cells antigen receptors
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Types of Antibody: IgE
0>0.1% mast cells, basophills, allergy
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Outline the struture of antibody's.
Light Chain (V+J segments, variable seq, constant seq) Heavy Chain (V+D+E+J segments, variable seq, 1 of 5 diff constants)
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Example: Natural Active
Repeast Exposure to antigen
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Example: Natural Passive
IgG from mother to foetus across placenta, IgA from mother to baby during breast feeding
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Example: Artificial Active
antigens introduced via vaccination
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Example: Artificial Passive
Intravenous injection of antibodies
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Outline the strutures of the Lymphatic System and their role in the immune system.

Back

Thymus- differentiation of lymphatic stem cells into T cells, Lymph Vessels- transport phagocytes and lymphocytes, Secondary Lymphatic Organs- lymph nodes and spleen, home lymphocytes and macrophages

Card 3

Front

How are Non-self cells recognised?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the two classes of MHC?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Outline the procedure of Exogenous APCs

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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