Cell Biology

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  • Created by: Seapie
  • Created on: 30-04-17 14:33
What are plant and animal cells called?
Eukaryotic Cells
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What do all eukaryotic cells contain
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in nucleus
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Bacteria cells are Prokaryotic, true or false
True
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What do prokaryotic cells contain
Cell membrane surrounded by cell wall, cytoplasm, genetic material which forms a single DNA loop. May contain one or more extra rings of DNA called Plasmids
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What are common animal cells features
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
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What do the Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes do?
Contains genetic information that controls activity in cell, gellike enzyme chem reactions happen, hold cell together controls what get in and out, where most aerobic respiration happens releasing energy, where proteins synthesis happens
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What additional parts do plant cells have
cell wall made of cellulose for support, permanent vacole which contains call sap and makes rigid, chloroplasts are green due to chlorophyll which absorbs light to make food by photosynthesis
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how big are plant and animal cells
animal cells are 10-30 micrometers, plants are larger at 10-100 micrometers
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what is Cell Differentiation
process by which a cell changes its sub cellular structure to eneble it to carry out functions to become specialized for its job
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when does Cell Differentiation happen and what happens in plants and animals
occurs during development, animal cells lose ability to differentiate after specialization, plant cells don't lose this ability
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calls that differentiate in mature animals are used for what and what cells are undifferentiated
repairing and replacing cells e.e skin or blood cells, stem cells
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Sperm cells are specialized for...
Reproduction(male gamete), Large nucleus containing 0.5 chromosomes, Long tail, Streamline shape, enzymes in tip to digest egg cell membrane, lots mitochondria for energy
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Nerve cells are specialized for...
Rapid response carry electrical signals, long thin axon tail protected by fatty sheath to cover more distance, branching dendrites to connect with other nerve cells to form a network
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Muscle cells are specialized for...
Contraction, long so they have space to contract, lots of mitochondria to give energy for contraction
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Root hair cells are specialized for...
absorbing water and minerals, grow into long"hairs" to increase surface area
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Phloem and Xylem cells are specialized for...
Transporting substances, they form phloem and xylem tubes which are long and joined. xylem tubes are made of dead hollow cells, phloem tubes have few sub cellular structure to let things flow
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how do Light microscopes work
uses light and lenses to form color image and magnifies 2000 times
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how do Electron microscopes work
uses beam of electrons to form black and white image of sub cellular structures. magnifies 2000000
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How to find Magnification
image size / size of real object
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what is the Resolving Power
the ability to distinguish between 2 points, light microscopes has RP of 200 nano-meter, electron microscope has RP of 0.2 nano-meter
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what is Binary Fission and how does it happen
the way prokaryotic cells replicate. Circular DNA and plasmids replicate , cell gets bigger and circulate DNA strands move to opposite poles, cytoplasm divides and new cell walls form, 2 daughter cells with same number of DNA but diff numb plasmids
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What are the environments for bacteria to grow
warmth, lots of nutrients(AGAR), if conditions unfavorable the cells will stop dividing and die
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bacterial cells has mean division time of 30min, how many cells after 150 mins(2.5 hours)
150 / 30= 5 divisions, 2 raised to power of 5 = 2*2*2*2*2= 32 cells
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what is inside AGAR jelly (culture medium) and why cant you heat them above 25 degrees
contains carbs, minerals, proteins and vitamins for growth. harmful pathogens to humans are more likely to grow because out internal body temperature is around 25 degree
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why do we need to use Uncontaminated cultures , how do we do this
to prevent unwanted organisms to affect result.Petri dish and culture medium must be sterilized(high temp) to kill unwanted MO, inoculating loop has to be run through flame to sterilize,petri dish bit taped and stored upside down to stop condensation
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Larger the inhibition zone the more effective the antibiotic, True of False
True, inhibition zone is the area where bacteria have died
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how to find area of inhibition zone
area=Pi*r squared
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do all eukaryotic cells contain

Back

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material enclosed in nucleus

Card 3

Front

Bacteria cells are Prokaryotic, true or false

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What do prokaryotic cells contain

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are common animal cells features

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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