Cell biology 8S.2 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyRegulation of cell proliferation and cell cycleUniversityAll boards Created by: Jasmine FinchCreated on: 24-05-20 15:36 extracellular stimuli growth factors, mitogens and survival factors 1 of 24 do neurones divide? no! 2 of 24 do liver cells divide? not normally, but can if the liver is damaged 3 of 24 Mitogens stimulate cell division by triggering a wave of G1/S- cdk activity 4 of 24 Growth factors Stimulate cell growth (cell mass) by promoting synthesis of proteins and inhibiting proteolysis 5 of 24 Survival factors promote cell survival by supressing the form of programmed cell death called apoptosis 6 of 24 What is a mitogen? a molecule that induces an effect when it reaches a receptor 7 of 24 Critical features of cell cycle avaliable building blocks, complete copy of dna, correct attachment of chromosomes to spindles 8 of 24 cyclins produced and destroyed according to phase of cell cycle 9 of 24 Cdk's acquire kinase enzyme activity when cyclins bind. 'cyclin dependant kinase' 10 of 24 Phosphate modified target proteins execute the appropriate process in the cell cycle progression 11 of 24 G1/S cyclins activate Cdk's in late G1 and trigger the progression through START, resulting in a commitment to cell cycle entry. 12 of 24 S-cyclins activate Cdk's soon after the progression through START and help stimulate chromosome duplication 13 of 24 M-cyclins activate Cdk's that stimulate entry into mitosis at the G2-M transition 14 of 24 How are cyclins/ Cdk's inhibited phosphorylation, binding to inhibitary protein, proteolysis 15 of 24 What does activation of MAP kinase by mitogens do? lead to the induction of Myc and hence G1-Cdk complex 16 of 24 What does activation of G1-Cdk do? promotes cell cycle entry 17 of 24 p53 induced transcription of p21 arrests the cell cycle by inhibiting Cdks 18 of 24 How are some cells limited in terms of replication? the telemeres shorten until DNA is revealed and damage occurs 19 of 24 Give an example of a cell where telemeres always grow back cancer cells 20 of 24 what haults the cell cycle entry? non-proliferating cell and proliferating cell 21 of 24 can cell growth occur without division? yes, shown in muscles which can be in permanant cell arrest 22 of 24 Who discovered the nerve growth factor? Rita, Jewish in WW2 23 of 24 3 types of stem cells adult, embryonic and induced pluripotent 24 of 24
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