Cell Biology
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- Created by: emilypipes
- Created on: 14-09-17 18:30
Name two types of Eukaryote cells
Plant and animal cells
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Name a type of Prokaryote cell
Bacterial cells
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Which cell is bigger, Eukaryote or Prokaryot?
Eukaryote
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What features do most plant cells have?
a nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
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What features do most animal cells have?
chloroplasts, a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap, a nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
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What can strengthen a cell wall?
Cellulose
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How do you work out magnification?
measured size/actual size
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What functions can cells be specialised for?
sperm cells, nerve cells, and msucle cells in animals root hair cells, xylem and phloem cells in plants
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At what point do cells differentiate?
most types of animal cells differentiate at an early stage whereas plant cellsretain the ability to differentiate throughout their life
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How do cells differentiate?
Cell division is mainly restricted to repair and replacement. As a cell differentiates it acquires different sub-cellular structures to enable it to carry out a certain function
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Where can bacteria be grown and how often can they multiply?
Bacteria can be grown in a nutrient broth solution or in colonies on an agar plate, theu can multiply as often as 20 minutes
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How do you calculate the cross sectional area (or clear areas) around the colonies?
πr²
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What is a chromosome?
Chromosomes are made of DNA molecules and lots of genes
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What are the stages of the cell cycle?
Genetic material is doubled and then divided into two identical cells
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What happens during mitosis?
In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.
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What are the three types of Stem Cell and what do they do?
from human embryos can be cloned and made to differentiate into most different types of human cells. from adult bone marrow can form many types of cells including blood cells. Meristem tissue in plants can differentiate into any type of plant cell
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How can stem cells be used in medicine?
Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patient’s body so they may be used for medical treatment however some people have ethical or religious objections
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What are other uses of stem cells?
Rare species can be cloned to protect from extinction. Crop plants with special features such as disease resistance can be cloned to produce large numbers of identical plants for farmers.
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What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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Give some examples when diffusion occurs
oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas exchange, and of the waste product urea from cells into the blood plasma for excretion in the kidney.
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What factors effect diffusion?
the difference in concentrations (concentration gradient) the temperature the surface area of the membrane.
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What is the effectiveness of an exchange surface increased by?
having a large surface area a ,membrane that is thin, to provide a short diffusion path, (in animals) having an efficient blood supply, (in animals, for gaseous exchange) being ventilated
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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What is active transport?
Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient). This requires energy from respiration.
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What does active transport do?
Active transport allows mineral ions to be absorbed into plant root hairs from very dilute solutions in the soil It also allows sugar molecules to be absorbed from lower concentrations in the gut into the blood which has a higher sugar concentration
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Name a type of Prokaryote cell
Back
Bacterial cells
Card 3
Front
Which cell is bigger, Eukaryote or Prokaryot?
Back
Card 4
Front
What features do most plant cells have?
Back
Card 5
Front
What features do most animal cells have?
Back
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