CBT - Depression

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  • Created by: Amy
  • Created on: 13-06-13 15:38
when was CBT first developed?
1960s
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what are the two main forms of CBT and who created them?
rational-emotive behaviour therapy (Ellis) and cognitive therapy for depression (Beck)
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what is the main aim of CBT?
to identify a patient's irrational and negative thoughts and replace them with more positive, rational ways of thinking
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what does CBT include?
behavioural and cognitive elements with homework to complete between sessions
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what happens in the cognitive element?
the client and counsellor identifies and changes beliefs/thoughts that contribute to depression
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how does the ABC model in REBT help the patient?
helps them better see how their faulty cognitions are leading to undesirable thoughts and behaviour
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what does ABC stand for?
activating event, beliefs, consequences
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in the behavioural element, how are patients' beliefs reality tested?
through experimentation: faulty cognitions are tested to see if they are causing the irrational behaviour
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what's an example of this?
negative thoughts about your ability to do a task is likely to lead to depressive feelings/avoidance of the task
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how does the therapist help the patient into having more rational ways of thinking?
sets behavioural goals
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what's an example of this?
risking failure and completing a task or becoming more socially active to overcome depression
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what is REBT?
client helped to recognise and question beliefs, therapist encourages the client to ask themselves things like 'who says i have to be perfect', teaches the client to substitute unrealistic beliefs for more realistic/positive beliefs
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continued
and encouraged to view failure as 'unfortunate' rather than a disaster that makes them worthless
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what is stage one of Beck's CBT?
clients are asked to draw up a schedule of activities to become more active and confident
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what is stage 2?
clients are encourages to recognise their automatic, negative thoughts and record them and bring them to sessions. the therapist helps by testing the reality of these thoughts
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what is stage 3?
the therapist helps to clients to recognise the underlying illogical thinking processes that produce negative thinking
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how does the therapist help clients change their maladaptive attitude?
by asking them to test them out in real-life situations
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what do therapists also encourage?
to keep actively engaged in pleasurable activities
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what did Jarrett et al find about the effectiveness of CBT and MAOIs?
CBT and MAOIs equally effective with 108 patients in a 10 week trial
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what did Hollan et al find?
CBT and tricyclics are equally effective in 107 patients in a 12 week trial
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what did they also report?
the effect of CBT is maintained after therapy termination, whereas relapse is common with drug treatment.
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what is a problem of these studies?
they're too short to assess long-term effectiveness
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what is a good aspect of CBT?
therapies are well-structured, with clear goals and measurable outcomes
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is CBT effective?
yes, for depression, sexual disorders and anxiety
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how does CBT compare to drugs?
at least as effective but without side effects, long-term follow up studies suggest a lower relapse rate, quick results, beneficial in terms of outcome and cost
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what did Senra and Polanio find when measuring improvement?
they used different scales to measure improvement rates of CBT. they found that each scale had a different measure of improvement for each of their 52 participants
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what did Elkin find in his 6 year study?
he compared depressed patients who were randomly allocated a placebo, drugs or CBT. the active treatments were equally effective and more effective than the placebo.
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what did Elkin conclude?
that CBT is more appropriate for someone interested in understanding the aetiology of their depression (cause)
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who is CBT not appropriate for?
patients with rigid attitudes who are resistant to change; people who do not have the time because it encouraged activeness in activities; people who are not willing to co-operate
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how does CBT appeal to people?
it empowers people by educating them with self-help strategies and appeals to people too scared of psychoanalysis
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Card 2

Front

what are the two main forms of CBT and who created them?

Back

rational-emotive behaviour therapy (Ellis) and cognitive therapy for depression (Beck)

Card 3

Front

what is the main aim of CBT?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does CBT include?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what happens in the cognitive element?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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